QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF HAND DUG WELLS WATER IN OTUKPO TOWN AND ITS ENVIRONS, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF HAND DUG WELLS WATER IN OTUKPO TOWN AND ITS ENVIRONS, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2012-12
Authors
OWUNA, Ajumi Esther
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Abstract
This study determined the quality of twenty five underground water samples in Otukpo town and
environs using eighteen physicochemical parameters. Samples were collected between May and
June 2010 when underground water flow was high. The water quality of the wells
examined, especially wells in cluster 4, were in conformity with World Health Organization
standard for most of the parameters measured. Multivariate statistical techniques, such as
principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and discriminant analysis (DA) were
applied to evaluate spatial variation and identify sources of pollution. Spatial CA generated a
dendrogram consisting of four statistically significant clusters while PCA of the whole data also
yielded four sets explaining 60.21% of the total variance. Discriminant analysis using the
standard and stepwise mode rendered the corresponding group memberships, correctly
assigning 96% of the original grouped cases. Standard mode DA suggested that Cd, Pb, Mn and
Escherichia coli were the discriminant variables while the stepwise mode had colour, K and Pb
as variables that discriminated between the wells.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA
Keywords
QUALITY ASSESSMENT,, HAND DUG,, WELLS WATER,, OTUKPO TOWN,, ENVIRONS,, BENUE STATE