PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND HEAVY METAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER FROM SELECTED BOREHOLES IN KAURA-NAMODA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND HEAVY METAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER FROM SELECTED BOREHOLES IN KAURA-NAMODA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2015-04
Authors
ODENIGBO, Chukwuka Clifford
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Abstract
The physicochemical and heavy metal assessment of water from selected boreholes in Kaura Namoda has been studied for the purpose of ascertaining the water quality of the boreholes. Twenty selected boreholes were sampled three times each at two weeks interval between the months of April and May, 2013. Parameters which included temperature, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, chloride, fluoride, copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, iron and manganese were determined using standard methods. The results obtained when compared with the WHO, NSDW and USEPA standards for drinking water showed that the parameters which include turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, phosphate, nitrate and fluoride had values that were within the maximum permissible limits in all the twenty boreholes sampled while parameters which include sulphate, chloride, cadmium, iron, hardness, lead, manganese and zinc were detected at levels above the permissible limit for drinking water in some of the boreholes sampled. Copper was below detectable level in all the boreholes except in one borehole with value within the maximum permissible limits. Therefore, not all the boreholes investigated had parameters that were in conformity with the WHO 2006, NSDW 2007 and USEPA 2012 recommended permissible limits for drinking water hence possible adverse effect due to consumption of the water containing high level of these parameters may occur among the inhabitants of this study area especially in the cases of the boreholes where lead and cadmium were detected above the permissible limits if they bio-accumulate beyond the tolerable concentrations in the body.
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A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRATUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY,
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
PHYSICOCHEMICAL,, HEAVY METAL ASSESSMENT,, WATER,, SELECTED BOREHOLES,, KAURA-NAMODA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA,, ZAMFARA STATE,, NIGERIA,