ELEMENTAL AND RADIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FLOODED SOIL OF KUDENDA, KADUNA STATE. NIGERIA.

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dc.contributor.authorBASHIR, Munirat
dc.date.accessioned2015-03-19T09:20:42Z
dc.date.available2015-03-19T09:20:42Z
dc.date.issued2014-09
dc.descriptionA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA. IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR AWARD OF MASTERS DEGREE IN RADIATION BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA. SEPTEMBER, 2014en_US
dc.description.abstractA survey of flooded soil of Kudenda area located at latitude 10.4800N and 10.4810N and longitude 7.3940E and 7.3950E in Kaduna State, Nigeria was conducted, in situ measurement and samples were taken in each of the grid area at depth 0-<5, 5-<25, 25-<50, 50-100cm.Composition and distribution of elements (As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) were determined using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). The Pollution Load Index (PLI) being a measure of contamination factor by all the metals was found to be high but decreased (1.27-0.96) with increase in depth (0-100cm) even though the concentration of the metals increased with depth (25-<50cm) before decreasing indicating that the study area was polluted by all the observed heavy metals (PLI>1).Also, the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive materials in the 238U (226Ra) and 232Th decay chains and from 40K were determined by means of a gamma-ray spectrometry system using Sodium Iodide thallium activated (NaI(Tl)) detector. The ranges of activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K were found to be 8.1±3.6 to 45±4.4, 38±1.3 to 149.6±3.9 and 400.5±3.9 to 873.7±11.6Bqkg-1, respectively. The results of this current study have been compared with the world mean values of 35, 30 and 400 Bq.kg-1, respectively, specified by the UNSCEAR (2000). The absorbed gamma dose rate (D) in air at 1 metre above the ground surface was estimated to lie in the range 47.4±2.2 to 141.2±4.4nGy.h-1; the outdoor annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) was evaluated to vary from 0.06±0.003 to 0.17±0.005mSv.y-1, which is higher than the worldwide effective dose of 0.07mSv.y-1. Also, the values of the Raeqand the Hexfor all soil samples in the present work are lower than the accepted safety limit value of 370 Bq.kg-1 and below the limit of unity, respectively. The results indicate that the radiation hazard from primordial viii radionuclides in all soil samples from the area studied is not significant but might add additional risk since no dose is safe in radiation protection.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/6271
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectiii ELEMENTAL,en_US
dc.subjectRADIOLOGICAL,en_US
dc.subjectCHARACTERIZATION,en_US
dc.subjectFLOODED,en_US
dc.subjectSOIL,en_US
dc.subjectKUDENDA,en_US
dc.subjectKADUNA STATE.en_US
dc.subjectNIGERIA.en_US
dc.titleELEMENTAL AND RADIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FLOODED SOIL OF KUDENDA, KADUNA STATE. NIGERIA.en_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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