SURFACE ACTIVITY AND RELEASE PROPERTIES OF SOME TROPICAL GUMS IN ARTEMETHER AND ARTESUNATE SODIUM TABLET FORMULATIONS
SURFACE ACTIVITY AND RELEASE PROPERTIES OF SOME TROPICAL GUMS IN ARTEMETHER AND ARTESUNATE SODIUM TABLET FORMULATIONS
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Date
2015-05
Authors
OLORUNSOLA, Emmanuel Oluwatoyin
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Abstract
Plant gums are natural polymers with low toxicity, high biodegradability and high compatibility with drugs making them useful as pharmaceutical excipients in solid, semi-solid and liquid formulations. This work was aimed at evaluating the surface activity and release properties of some tropical gums in artemether and artesunate sodium tablet formulations. Cashew gum (CSG) was extracted from stem bark exudates of Anacardium occidentale L., khaya gum (KYG) was extracted from stem bark exudates of Khaya senegalensis, afzelia gum (AFG) was extracted from seeds of Afzelia africana while prosopis gum (PRG) was extracted from seeds of Prosopis africana. Acacia gum B.P (ACG) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) were used as standards. The gums were evaluated for their physical, chemical and thermal properties. The surface activity was studied by determining surface tension at low concentrations (0.1 to 1.0 % w/v) of gum dispersions and by determination of critical micelle concentration in respect of each gum. The hydrophile-lipophile-balance (HLB) values of the gums were also determined. Cashew gum and prosopis gum were evaluated for their release properties. Artemether and artesunate sodium tablets containing varying concentrations of the gums (1.0 – 4.0 % w/w) and those containing 3 % w/w of ACG were formulated. Tablets containing 2 % w/w of gum with 2 or 4 % w/w chitosan as permeation enhancer were also formulated. The effect of the gums on the release and permeation of artemether and artesunate sodium in the presence of simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid was determined using pig intestine as biological membrane. The yields of the gums from the different sources were: CSG (48.0% w/w), KYG (25.0% w/w), AFG (17.0% w/w) and PRG (18.2% w/w). The Hausner‟s ratio of the gums showed ranking of flow as ACG > KYG > CSG > AFG = PRG > SCMC. The
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polymers showed comparable and moderate surface activity
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO
THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN PHARMACEUTICS
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY
FACULTY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
Keywords
SURFACE ACTIVITY,, RELEASE PROPERTIES,, TROPICAL GUMS,, ARTEMETHER,, ARTESUNATE SODIUM TABLET,, FORMULATIONS,