SURFACE ACTIVITY AND RELEASE PROPERTIES OF SOME TROPICAL GUMS IN ARTEMETHER AND ARTESUNATE SODIUM TABLET FORMULATIONS

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dc.contributor.authorOLORUNSOLA, Emmanuel Oluwatoyin
dc.date.accessioned2016-03-31T09:57:17Z
dc.date.available2016-03-31T09:57:17Z
dc.date.issued2015-05
dc.descriptionA DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN PHARMACEUTICS DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY FACULTY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIAen_US
dc.description.abstractPlant gums are natural polymers with low toxicity, high biodegradability and high compatibility with drugs making them useful as pharmaceutical excipients in solid, semi-solid and liquid formulations. This work was aimed at evaluating the surface activity and release properties of some tropical gums in artemether and artesunate sodium tablet formulations. Cashew gum (CSG) was extracted from stem bark exudates of Anacardium occidentale L., khaya gum (KYG) was extracted from stem bark exudates of Khaya senegalensis, afzelia gum (AFG) was extracted from seeds of Afzelia africana while prosopis gum (PRG) was extracted from seeds of Prosopis africana. Acacia gum B.P (ACG) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) were used as standards. The gums were evaluated for their physical, chemical and thermal properties. The surface activity was studied by determining surface tension at low concentrations (0.1 to 1.0 % w/v) of gum dispersions and by determination of critical micelle concentration in respect of each gum. The hydrophile-lipophile-balance (HLB) values of the gums were also determined. Cashew gum and prosopis gum were evaluated for their release properties. Artemether and artesunate sodium tablets containing varying concentrations of the gums (1.0 – 4.0 % w/w) and those containing 3 % w/w of ACG were formulated. Tablets containing 2 % w/w of gum with 2 or 4 % w/w chitosan as permeation enhancer were also formulated. The effect of the gums on the release and permeation of artemether and artesunate sodium in the presence of simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid was determined using pig intestine as biological membrane. The yields of the gums from the different sources were: CSG (48.0% w/w), KYG (25.0% w/w), AFG (17.0% w/w) and PRG (18.2% w/w). The Hausner‟s ratio of the gums showed ranking of flow as ACG > KYG > CSG > AFG = PRG > SCMC. The viii polymers showed comparable and moderate surface activityen_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/7579
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectSURFACE ACTIVITY,en_US
dc.subjectRELEASE PROPERTIES,en_US
dc.subjectTROPICAL GUMS,en_US
dc.subjectARTEMETHER,en_US
dc.subjectARTESUNATE SODIUM TABLET,en_US
dc.subjectFORMULATIONS,en_US
dc.titleSURFACE ACTIVITY AND RELEASE PROPERTIES OF SOME TROPICAL GUMS IN ARTEMETHER AND ARTESUNATE SODIUM TABLET FORMULATIONSen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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