REMOVAL OF SELECTED PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS FROM HOSPITAL WASTE WATER USING AN ADSORBENT PREPARED FROM Jatropha curcas WASTE CAKE
REMOVAL OF SELECTED PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS FROM HOSPITAL WASTE WATER USING AN ADSORBENT PREPARED FROM Jatropha curcas WASTE CAKE
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Date
2019-12
Authors
ADEGBE, Elijah Abakpa
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Abstract
Samples collected from the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria Wastewater
treatment plant were extracted using the solid phase extraction method and analysed based
on the drug usage in Nigeria, using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). In
the wastewater matrices investigated, amoxicillin had the highest concentration of 8066
μg/L while ibuprofen had a concentration of 165.50 μg/L. Acetaminophen had the lowest
concentration of 34.31 μg/L. This study showed that some pharmaceutical compounds were
not effectively removed during the wastewater treatment.The present work also
investigated the use of Jatropha waste cakes, a by-product of the manufacturing process of
biofuels, as a potential feedstock for the preparation of activated carbon. Chemical
activation of the precursor, using phosphoric acid as dehydrating agent, was conducted. The
Jatropha waste cake was carbonized at 400oC and activated with H3PO4at 450oC
respectively. The microstructural and structural properties of the prepared adsorbent were
studied using Brunauer-Emett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and
Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). The BET results revealed that the surface areas and
pore size of the jatropha activated carbon were868 m2g-1 and 2.128 nm respectively.The
FTIR results showed changes in the absorption band of the precursor material compared to
that of the Jatropha activated carbon. This showed that the activation process was
successful. The central composite design was used to optimize the effects of contact time,
concentration, adsorbent dosage and pH on the adsorption process. This resulted in the
successful adsorption of acetaminophen (99.98%), amoxicillin (99.96%), and ibuprofen
(100 %). The prepared adsorbent compared favourably with the commercial activated
carbon.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF
POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO
UNIVERSITY
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE IN ANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY,
FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
REMOVAL OF SELECTED PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS,, HOSPITAL WASTE WATER,, USING AN ADSORBENT PREPARED,, atropha curcas WASTE CAKE