ADSORPTION OF SIMULATED AND REAL EFFLUENTS ONTO ACTIVATED CARBON SURFACES

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dc.contributor.authorOCHOLI, ODIKE JOTHAM
dc.date.accessioned2014-02-04T09:40:57Z
dc.date.available2014-02-04T09:40:57Z
dc.date.issued2012-11
dc.descriptionA DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPY IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA NOVEMBER 2012en_US
dc.description.abstractAdsorption studies of simulated and real effluents was carried out with an aim to better understand adsorption processes in multi-component dye and heavy metal mixtures. Three (3) different Activated Carbon (AC) matrices were used as adsorbent: Unmodified activated carbon (UMAC), chemically modified activated carbon (CMAC) and physically modified activated carbon (PMAC). Simulated effluent systems were developed from various aqueous combinations of methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), indigo carmine (IG), Pb(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2.4H2O. A total of twenty two (22) different simulated effluent systems were developed which were interacted with the AC matrices and three (3) textile effluents samples (TXT 1, TXT 2 and TXT 3) were also collected from a textile industry in Kaduna and used for this study. Adsorption results from single dye rate experiments revealed that the adsorption process was particle-diffusion controlled with chemisorption as the predominant adsorption type. For single dye effluent systems, adsorption results showed that the AC matrices had good performance especially at low concentrations of adsorbates. The order of adsorption for the different dyes was MO > MB > IG, while the efficiency of the matrices was PMAC > UMAC > CMAC. For binary dye effluent systems, adsorption of combinations of MB and MO (MBMO) and MO and IG (MOIG) in aqueous and aqueous Pb(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2.4H2O mixtures onto the AC matrices was observed. Results revealed that for MBMO system, the component that was preferentially adsorbed was dependent on the heavy metal environment and the AC sample involved. Generally, the adsorption range was 89 – 98%. For the MOIG system, the result showed similar adsorption trends irrespective of the heavy metal environment. MO was preferentially adsorbed than IG while the performance of the matrices was PMAC > UMAC > CMAC. The adsorption range was 54 – 82 %. For MBMOIG in aqueous Pb(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2.4H2O mixture, the components were preferentially adsorbed as follows: MO > MB > IG with an adsorption range of 73 – 97%, while the performance of the matrices was PMAC > UMAC > CMAC. With the real textile effluents, the AC matrices adsorbed components of TXT 2 and TXT 3 appreciably with average adsorption ranges of 72 – 82% and 19 – 68% respectively, while the adsorption range for TXT 1 was wide between 2 – 70% (close to 80% of the results were below 31%). The performance of the matrices was PMAC > UMAC > CMAC, just like most of the simulated effluent cases. Generally, adsorption involving multi-component adsorbate systems is dynamic and is influenced by numerous factors, like pH of AC surface, pH of adsorbate solution, size, shape and orientation of adsorbate species, concentration of adsorbate species and contact time between adsorbate and adsorbent. The resulting adsorption trend for any component is usually an inter-play of all these factors.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/132
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectADSORPTION,en_US
dc.subjectSIMULATED,en_US
dc.subjectREAL,en_US
dc.subjectEFFLUENTS,en_US
dc.subjectACTIVATED,en_US
dc.subjectCARBON,en_US
dc.subjectSURFACES.en_US
dc.titleADSORPTION OF SIMULATED AND REAL EFFLUENTS ONTO ACTIVATED CARBON SURFACESen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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