EFFECTS OF REPLACING FISHMEAL WITH HEATPROCESSED MORINGA OLEIFERA (LAM.) KERNEL MEAL ON GROWTH AND FEED UTILIZATION IN CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (TEUGELS, 1986)
EFFECTS OF REPLACING FISHMEAL WITH HEATPROCESSED MORINGA OLEIFERA (LAM.) KERNEL MEAL ON GROWTH AND FEED UTILIZATION IN CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (TEUGELS, 1986)
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Date
2011-06
Authors
OPADEYI, VICTORIA ABOSEDE
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Abstract
The suitability of heat-processed Moringa oleifera (Lam.) kernel meal for partial
replacement of fishmeal and its effects on the growth and feed utilization of Clarias
gariepinus (Teugels) were determined. Boiling and toasting respectively,at 10, 20 and 30
minutes were employed to obtain the most nutritionally acceptable meals for replacing
fishmeal in Clarias diets. The chemical compositions of the boiled and toasted kernels
were determined and data analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and means
separated with Least Significant Difference (LSD) (P < 0.05). The results showed that
there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the crude fibre (4.03, 4.79, and 4.99), ash
(2.13, 2.10, 2.19) and moisture (3.09, 2.83, 2.92) for the Moringa kernels boiled at 10, 20
and 30 minutes duration respectively. However, the lipid content (37.01) was
significantly (P<0.05) lowest in 30 minutes-boiled sample. The protein content reduced
significantly (P<0.05) from 35.72% in 10-minutes boiled kernels to 27.87% in 30
minutes-boiled samples. The anti-nutrient detected was oxalate which was significantly
(P < 0.05) lowest in the 30 minutes-boiled kernels (5.60 mg g-1). Similarly, in the toasted
samples, there was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in the crude protein, and lipid
contents of toasted sample. Crude fibre was significantly lower in 30-minutes toasted
kernels than that of 20 minutes. Consequently on the basis of amino acids profile, the
lowest anti-nutrient, and 30 minutes-boiled and toasted Moringa kernels were used for
replacing fishmeal at 25%, 50% and 75% levels in the diets of Clarias gariepinus. Seven
diets were formulated, D1 (100% fishmeal), D2 (75% fishmeal, 25% toasted Moringa
kernel meal), D3 (50% fishmeal and toasted Moringa kernel meal respectively), D4 (25%
fishmeal, 75% toasted Moringa kernel meal), D5 (75% fishmeal, 25% boiled Moringa kernel meal), D6 (50% fishmeal and boiled Moringa kernel meal respectively), D7 (25%
fishmeal 75% boiled Moringa kernel meal) and D8 (commercial fish diet, Chi feed).
Indoor static tanks were used and the experiment lasted 90 days. The research findings
showed no significant difference (P < 0.05) in the mean feed intake by Clarias fed
toasted and boiled Moringa kernel meal – based diets but feed intake was significantly
higher (P < 0.05) in the fish fed commercial diets and the control (0.775and 0.506
respectively). Diet 7 (25% fishmeal and 75% boiled Moringa kernel meal) produced the
best weight gain in Clarias (80.06%) while the least weight gain (46.43%) was obtained
in Diet 4 (25% and 75% of Moringa kernel meal). The specific growth rate was best
significantly (P < 0.05) in Diets 6 and 7 but lowest in Diet 4. The feed conversion ratio
and protein efficiency ratio were significantly best in Diet 7 but worst in Diet 2. The
control (D1) and commercial feed (D8) however proved best over the Moringa diets in
terms of growth and feed utilization by Clarias. Diet 1 (control) had the least cost of feed
per kilogram weight gain (N541.58) and least cost of feed per kilogram protein produced
(N399.52) but Diet 7 had the least cost of feed per kilogram weight gain (N619.08)
among Moringa –based diets. Conclusively, diets containing boiled Moringa kernel meal
produced better growth and feed utilization in Clarias than those withtoasted kernel meal
and up to 75% of fishmeal could be replaced with boiled Moringa kernel in the diet for
Clarias gariepinus.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST-GRADUATE
STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERISTY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL
FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) IN
FISHERIES.
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES,
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA.
Keywords
EFFECTS,, REPLACING,, FISHMEAL,, WITH HEAT., PROCESSED,, MORINGA,, OLEIFERA,, KERNEL,, MEAL,, GROWTH,, FEED,, UTILIZATION,, CLARIAS,, GARIEPINUS,, (TEUGELS, 1986)