EFFECTS OF REPLACING FISHMEAL WITH HEATPROCESSED MORINGA OLEIFERA (LAM.) KERNEL MEAL ON GROWTH AND FEED UTILIZATION IN CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (TEUGELS, 1986)

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Date
2011-06
Authors
OPADEYI, VICTORIA ABOSEDE
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Abstract
The suitability of heat-processed Moringa oleifera (Lam.) kernel meal for partial replacement of fishmeal and its effects on the growth and feed utilization of Clarias gariepinus (Teugels) were determined. Boiling and toasting respectively,at 10, 20 and 30 minutes were employed to obtain the most nutritionally acceptable meals for replacing fishmeal in Clarias diets. The chemical compositions of the boiled and toasted kernels were determined and data analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and means separated with Least Significant Difference (LSD) (P < 0.05). The results showed that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the crude fibre (4.03, 4.79, and 4.99), ash (2.13, 2.10, 2.19) and moisture (3.09, 2.83, 2.92) for the Moringa kernels boiled at 10, 20 and 30 minutes duration respectively. However, the lipid content (37.01) was significantly (P<0.05) lowest in 30 minutes-boiled sample. The protein content reduced significantly (P<0.05) from 35.72% in 10-minutes boiled kernels to 27.87% in 30 minutes-boiled samples. The anti-nutrient detected was oxalate which was significantly (P < 0.05) lowest in the 30 minutes-boiled kernels (5.60 mg g-1). Similarly, in the toasted samples, there was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in the crude protein, and lipid contents of toasted sample. Crude fibre was significantly lower in 30-minutes toasted kernels than that of 20 minutes. Consequently on the basis of amino acids profile, the lowest anti-nutrient, and 30 minutes-boiled and toasted Moringa kernels were used for replacing fishmeal at 25%, 50% and 75% levels in the diets of Clarias gariepinus. Seven diets were formulated, D1 (100% fishmeal), D2 (75% fishmeal, 25% toasted Moringa kernel meal), D3 (50% fishmeal and toasted Moringa kernel meal respectively), D4 (25% fishmeal, 75% toasted Moringa kernel meal), D5 (75% fishmeal, 25% boiled Moringa kernel meal), D6 (50% fishmeal and boiled Moringa kernel meal respectively), D7 (25% fishmeal 75% boiled Moringa kernel meal) and D8 (commercial fish diet, Chi feed). Indoor static tanks were used and the experiment lasted 90 days. The research findings showed no significant difference (P < 0.05) in the mean feed intake by Clarias fed toasted and boiled Moringa kernel meal – based diets but feed intake was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the fish fed commercial diets and the control (0.775and 0.506 respectively). Diet 7 (25% fishmeal and 75% boiled Moringa kernel meal) produced the best weight gain in Clarias (80.06%) while the least weight gain (46.43%) was obtained in Diet 4 (25% and 75% of Moringa kernel meal). The specific growth rate was best significantly (P < 0.05) in Diets 6 and 7 but lowest in Diet 4. The feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were significantly best in Diet 7 but worst in Diet 2. The control (D1) and commercial feed (D8) however proved best over the Moringa diets in terms of growth and feed utilization by Clarias. Diet 1 (control) had the least cost of feed per kilogram weight gain (N541.58) and least cost of feed per kilogram protein produced (N399.52) but Diet 7 had the least cost of feed per kilogram weight gain (N619.08) among Moringa –based diets. Conclusively, diets containing boiled Moringa kernel meal produced better growth and feed utilization in Clarias than those withtoasted kernel meal and up to 75% of fishmeal could be replaced with boiled Moringa kernel in the diet for Clarias gariepinus.
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A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERISTY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) IN FISHERIES. DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA.
Keywords
EFFECTS,, REPLACING,, FISHMEAL,, WITH HEAT., PROCESSED,, MORINGA,, OLEIFERA,, KERNEL,, MEAL,, GROWTH,, FEED,, UTILIZATION,, CLARIAS,, GARIEPINUS,, (TEUGELS, 1986)
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