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- ItemFFECTS OF FIELD-TRIP AND INQUIRY-BASED INSTRUCTIONS ON INTEREST, RETENTION, PERFORMANCE AND SOCIAL SKILLS ACQUISITION AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL BIOLOGY STUDENTS IN LERE EDUCATION ZONE, KADUNA-NIGERIA(2021-12)This study sought to find out the „Effects of Field-Trip and Inquiry-Based Instructions on Interest, Retention, Performance and Social Skills Acquisition among Secondary School Biology Students in Lere Education Zone, Kaduna-Nigeria‟. The study adopted pretest, posttest and post posttest quasi experimental and control group design. The population comprised all 1979 senior secondary school Biology students in Lere zone. A sample consisting of 163 students randomly selected from three coeducational schools in Lere Education Zone participated in the study. The experimental group A having 55 students and B having 56 students were taught Ecology concepts usingField-trip and Inquiry-based Instructionrespectively while the control group having 52 students were taught using lecture method. Four validated instruments called Ecology Performance Test (EPT) with r=0.87, Ecology Social Skills Acquisition Questions (ESSAQ) with r=0.82 and Students Ecology Concept Interest Questionnaire (SECIQ) with r=0.72 were used to gather data. Eight objectives, research Questions and Null Hypotheses guided the research. The hypotheses were tested at p≤0.05 level of significance.Data collected were analyzed using t-test and Kruskal-wallis statistics. The results of the study revealed that differences existed on acquisition of social skills when students were taught using field-trip, inquiry-based instruction and lecture teaching methods in favour of experimental groups A and B.Statistics revealed that significant difference existed in interest shown by SSS Students when they were taught usingfield-trip, inquiry and lecture teaching method in favor of experimental groups A and B.Students taught ecology using Field-trip, Inquiry-based Instruction and those taught ecology using Lecture Methods differ significantly in acquisition of social skills in favour of the experimental groups and Students taught ecology using Field-trip, Inquiry-based Instruction and those taught ecology using Lecture Methods differ significantly in the interest level towards learning of biology in favour of the experimental groups.Based on the findings the following recommendations were made; the use of field-study and inquiry-based instruction should be encourage among teachers of Biology to improve student‟s acquisition of social skills, interest, performance and retention ability; Field-trip and Inquiry-based Instruction should also be encouraged to promote the learning of Biology by both male and female students.
- ItemEFFECT OF PENSION FUNDS INVESTMENTS AND CHANGES IN CRUDE OIL PRICE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA(2021)Economic growth represents the expansion of a country‟s potential gross domestic product (GDP) or output. For instance, if the social rate of return on investment exceeds the private return, then tax policies that encourage the excess can raise the growth rate and levels of utility. Growth models that incorporate public services, the optimal tax policy lingers on the characteristic of services. The broad objective of this study is to examine the effects of contributory pension funds investments and changes in crude oil price on economic growth of Nigeria for the period 2010 to 2018. In achieving this objective, the study employed Ex-post facto research designs and also study utilized data from secondary sources. The study used time series econometric techniques with quarterly data spanning from q1-2010 to q4-2018 to explore the effects of contributory pension funds investments and changes in crude oil prices on economic growth in Nigeria which were subjected to statistical analysis using Equilibrium Correction Model (ECM) and Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) bound test approach to co-integration to determine the short-run and long-run dynamic relationship between the variables. To check the time series property of the variables, stationarity properties of the data and the order of integration are tested using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Phillip-Perron (PP) test and Kwiatkwoski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) test. All the variables are found to be cointegrated indicating the existence of long run relationship among the variables. The findings of the study clearly showed that the coefficient of total assets of pension funds was found to be positive and statistically significant on economic growth. Similarly, the coefficient of total pension funds contribution was found to be positive and statistically significant on economic growth and the coefficient of crude oil price was negative but statistically significant on economic growth. Base on the findings, the study recommended that Pension fund assets should be invested productively in diversified investment portfolios so as to generate increased returns and at same time minimize risks to both pension funds administrators and the contributors to the funds in Nigeria. Also, Nigerian government should ensure diversification of its export revenue base as a means of minimizing reliance on crude oil and petroleum products. This will further shield the economy from the impact of oil price shocks on the economy, and thus prevent the negative effects of the shocks from attaining a statistical significance level.