PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Browsing PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES by Subject "(ASCLEPIADACEAE),"
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- ItemEVALUATION OF AQUEOUS AND METHANOL ROOT EXTRACTS OF CALOTROPIS PROCERA AIT (ASCLEPIADACEAE) FOR ANTI-ASTHMATIC ACTIVITY ON WISTAR RATS AND GUINEA PIG ILEUM(2014-08) ALIYU, Ibrahim Mu’azzamuAsthma, which affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide, is an incurable health disorder of a major public health concern globally. The present orthodox therapy for asthma has several drawbacks including many undesirable side effects and high cost of management (especially challenging for low-income / developing countries). In a bid to develop a cheaper and better antiasthmatic agent with less side effects, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of aqueous and methanol root extracts of Calotropis procera used in folkloric medicine as an antiasthmatic plant. The study involves In-vitro model on isolated guinea pig ileum preparation. In-vivo models like carageenan-induced leucocytosis in rats, passive paw anaphylaxis, carrageenan induced rat paw edema and haloperidol induced catalepsy. Median Lethal Dose (LD50) determination was conducted using the method as described by Lorke‘s (1983). In vitro studies on isolated guinea pig ileum preparation was carried out to investigate for bronchospasmolytic activity of the extracts. Bioassay of histamine 10 μg/ml in the presence and absence of Calotropis procera extract 10 mg/ml was done. The normalization effects of the extracts were studied in carrageenan-induced total leucocyte count (TLC) after parenteral administration of carrageenan. Thirty five (35) Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups, five aminals per group. Group 1 was not given any treatment, but blood sample was used to establish the reference standard for TLC in rats. Groups 2 – 7, received respectively, distilled water (2 ml/kg), chlorpheniramine maleate (2 mg/kg), Calotropis procera (100 mg/kg), Calotropis procera, CP (200 mg/kg), Calotropis procera (100 mg/kg), and Calotropis procera (200 mg/kg). Immuno-modulatary / antiallergic antiasthmatic activity of the plant was studied using passive paw anaphylaxis model as described by Patil (2010). Wistar rats were sensitized subcutaneously with 100 mg fresh egg albumin for 10 days, after which serum was collected. A fresh set of thirty (30) vi animals was divided into six (6) groups each containing five (5) rats. Groups 1 – 6 received distilled water 2 ml/kg, dexamethasone 0.27 mg/kg, CP 250 mg/kg aqueous extract, CP 350 mg/kg aqueous extract, CP 250 mg/kg methanol extract and CP 350 mg/kg methanol extract orally respectively. Anti-inflammatory antiasthmatic activity of CP was studied using carrageenan induced rat paw edema model as described by Anita and Babita (2008). Dopaminergic and/or adrenergic antiasthmatic study was carried out using haloperidol-induced catalepsy on wistar rats as described by Patil (2010). Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out as described by Trease and Evans. Extraction of powdered plant gave yields of 15.64% w/w and 13.76%w/w methanol and aqueous extracts respectively. Oral LD50 in Wistar rats for both aqueous and methanol CP extracts were found to be >5,000 mg/kg. Both aqueous and methanolic extracts inhibited histamine induced contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum (p˂0.001), carrageenan-induced leucocytosis (p˂0.05), egg albumin-induced passive paw anaphylaxis (0.05) and carrageenan induced rat paw edema (p˂0.05). However, only methanolic extract inhibited haloperidol-induced catalepsy in wistar rats (p˂0.05). Hence it is concluded that both aqueous and methanolic extracts possess antiasthmatic activity that may be responsible for the antiasthmatic activity and may have potential role in the treatment of asthma.
- ItemPHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES AND EFFECT OF METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF LEPTADENIA HASTATA(PERS.) DECNE (ASCLEPIADACEAE) ON ACETIC ACID INDUCED WRITHES IN MICE AND VENOM OF ECHIS OCELLATUS(2014-10) MAILAFIYA, Maria,; Manager.Leptadeniahastata (Pers.) Decne (Asclepiadaceae) is widely African plant species used in traditional medicine as an anti-venom, antihypertensive, anti-diabetic, analgesic and also used for catarrh and skin disease. The powdered leaves of L. hastatawas extracted with methanol using maceration method and the resulting crude methanol extract (ME) was suspended in water and fractionated into hexane (HF), chloroform (CF), ethylacetate (EF) and n-Butanol (BF). Preliminary phytochemical screening of ME revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, glycosides, steroids and triterpenes while (HF) revealed the presence of steroids and triterpenes nucleus. HF was step-wisely eluted in a silica gel packed column to afford ten fractions H1-H10 and fraction H4 was selected for further purification using Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography, with the solvent system of hexane: ethyl acetate (8.5 : 2.5). This resulted in the isolation of a whitish crystalline compound M1 (β-Sitosterol). The structure of the compound was elucidated using chemical test and spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1D & 2D-NMR) and by comparison with reference spectral data. The LD50 of the methanol extract (ME) and the LD99 of the Echisocellatus venom were estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg and 2.2 mg/kg respectively. Anti-venom studies suggest that ME possess significant anti-venom activity against Echisocellatusvenom both In vitro and In vivo. Analgesic effect was evaluated using acetic acid induced writhing in mice. The results showed that ME (150 mg/kg) decreased writhing response with 84.6 % inhibition. However, the extract when compared to control showed statistically significant difference at (p˂0.05)
- ItemSOME PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF ANISOPUS MANNII N.E.Br (ASCLEPIADACEAE) IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED HYPERGLYCAEMIC WISTAR RATS(2011-06) MOHAMMED, Ibrahim SalahudeenDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects carbohydrates, lipids and proteins resulting in sustained hyperglycaemia which could lead to serious organ(s) damage and death. The aim of this study was to investigate some of the pharmacological properties of the methanol extract of Anisopus mannii, a plant used in ethnomedical practice to manage diabetes mellitus. The specific objectives were to investigate acute toxicity test including LD50, antihyperglycaemic properties and some other effects of the plant (if any) on, hematological indices, lipid profile, some liver enzymes (Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) and preliminary phytochemical screening of the whole plant. The extract is relatively safe as the oral LD50 was found to be 2,150 mg/kg. Alloxan (150 mg/kg) was used to induce hyperglycaemia in rats. Three graded doses of the extract (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) were administered daily for 14 days and the antihyperglycaemic property was compared with normal saline as control, and the group administered standard hypoglycaemic drug, glibenclamide (10 mg/kg). The extract (300 – 600 mg/kg, P.O) produced significant (P<0.05 – P<0.0005) antihyperglycaemic properties when compared to control in alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic rats. Similarly, the extract (600 mg/kg, P.O) at 1 to 24h; and 300 mg/kg at 24h showed significant decrease (P<0.05 – P< 0.0005) in the blood glucose concentration in normoglycaemic rats. The extract also produced a significant decrease (P<0.01 – P<0.0005) in hemoglobin, packed cell volume and white blood cell (WBC) count in the alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic Wistar rats, although, lymphocytes and neutrophils were not significantly affected. The high density lipoproteins (HDL) was decreased (P<0.05), while low density lipoproteins (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) were increased (P<0.01 and P<0.05) by 300 and 600 mg/kg of the extract respectively. The highest dose of the extract (600 mg/kg) showed a significant decrease (P<0.05 - P<0.0005), while 150 and 300 mg/kg did not produce any significant change in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in the alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic Wistar rats. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the crude methanol (whole plant) extract of A. mannii revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids and flavonoids, while cardiac glycosides and cyanogenic glycoside were absent. The results of the study showed that, the methanol (whole plant) extract of A. mannii possesses dose dependent antihyperglycemic and hypoglycaemic properties in alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic and normoglycaemic Wistar rats respectively. The data may provide pharmacological basis for the use of the plant in the management of diabetes mellitus.