SOME PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF ANISOPUS MANNII N.E.Br (ASCLEPIADACEAE) IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED HYPERGLYCAEMIC WISTAR RATS
SOME PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF ANISOPUS MANNII N.E.Br (ASCLEPIADACEAE) IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED HYPERGLYCAEMIC WISTAR RATS
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Date
2011-06
Authors
MOHAMMED, Ibrahim Salahudeen
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
resulting in sustained hyperglycaemia which could lead to serious organ(s) damage and
death. The aim of this study was to investigate some of the pharmacological properties of
the methanol extract of Anisopus mannii, a plant used in ethnomedical practice to manage
diabetes mellitus. The specific objectives were to investigate acute toxicity test including
LD50, antihyperglycaemic properties and some other effects of the plant (if any) on,
hematological indices, lipid profile, some liver enzymes (Alanine aminotransferase (ALT),
Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) and preliminary
phytochemical screening of the whole plant. The extract is relatively safe as the oral LD50
was found to be 2,150 mg/kg. Alloxan (150 mg/kg) was used to induce hyperglycaemia in
rats. Three graded doses of the extract (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) were administered daily
for 14 days and the antihyperglycaemic property was compared with normal saline as
control, and the group administered standard hypoglycaemic drug, glibenclamide (10
mg/kg). The extract (300 – 600 mg/kg, P.O) produced significant (P<0.05 – P<0.0005)
antihyperglycaemic properties when compared to control in alloxan-induced
hyperglycaemic rats. Similarly, the extract (600 mg/kg, P.O) at 1 to 24h; and 300 mg/kg at
24h showed significant decrease (P<0.05 – P< 0.0005) in the blood glucose concentration
in normoglycaemic rats. The extract also produced a significant decrease (P<0.01 –
P<0.0005) in hemoglobin, packed cell volume and white blood cell (WBC) count in the
alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic Wistar rats, although, lymphocytes and neutrophils were
not significantly affected. The high density lipoproteins (HDL) was decreased (P<0.05),
while low density lipoproteins (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) were increased (P<0.01
and P<0.05) by 300 and 600 mg/kg of the extract respectively. The highest dose of the
extract (600 mg/kg) showed a significant decrease (P<0.05 - P<0.0005), while 150 and 300
mg/kg did not produce any significant change in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine
transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in the alloxan-induced
hyperglycaemic Wistar rats. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the crude methanol
(whole plant) extract of A. mannii revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins,
steroids, terpenoids and flavonoids, while cardiac glycosides and cyanogenic glycoside
were absent. The results of the study showed that, the methanol (whole plant) extract of A. mannii
possesses dose dependent antihyperglycemic and hypoglycaemic properties in alloxan-induced
hyperglycaemic and normoglycaemic Wistar rats respectively. The data may provide
pharmacological basis for the use of the plant in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN
PHARMACOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS,
FACULTY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES,, METHANOL EXTRACT,, ANISOPUS MANNII,, (ASCLEPIADACEAE),, ALLOXAN-INDUCED,, HYPERGLYCAEMIC WISTAR RATS.