ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

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    GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L. ) AS INFLUENCED BY NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS AND PLANT DENSITY
    (1994-08) ALIYU, Lamido
    Field trials were carried out at Samaru during the rainy seasons of 1991 to 1993 to study the effect of levels of nitrogen (0,80,160,240, and 320KgN/ha) phosphorous (0,22 and 44KgP/ha); and plant density (20,000; 40,000 and 60,000 plants/ha) on the growth and yield of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The results showed significant differences in partitioned aerial phytomass, leaf area, LAI, RGR and NAR due to the various nitrogen levels. Application of nitrogen similarly affected the concentrations of N, P and K in the shoot, the uptake of N and Ca. LAR, concentrations of Ca, Mg in both shoot and fruit as well as the uptake of Mg were not significantly influenced by nitrogen fertilization. N addition up to 160KgN/ha resulted in early flowering and maturity while fruit size was increased up to 320Kg N/ha. Pooled data revealed that maximum fruit yield was obtainable with 240KgN/ha whilst seed yield was maximized at 320kgN/ha. Applied phosphorus affected partitioned aerial phytomass compared with the control but without any significant difference between the two phosphorus rates. RGR and LAI were increased up to 22 and 44Kg P/ha respectively, LAR and NAR were hot affected by P levels. Maximum concentration of N in both shoot and fruit were attained at 22KgP/ha. The rate also resulted in the lowest concentration of P and K. Neither the concentration of Ca and Mg in the shoot nor in the fruit were affeced by applied P. Both flowering and maturity were hastened with P addition. Fruit size was generally not influenced by applied P. Transplanting at the density of 20,000 plants/ha yielded superior partitioned aerial phytomoss and LAR compared with 60,000 plants/ha LAI, RGR and NAR were however increased with increasing plant density up to 60,000 plants/ha. Flowering, fruit maturity and size were not significantly affected by the three densities tested. Inspite of the fact that fruit and seed yield/plant were depressed by high population densities, yield/ha was increased significantly at higher densities. Significant interactions between the factors were recorded on some of the parameters studied. Regression analysis indicated optimum N concentration in shoot at a range of 130-270KgN/ha. P concentration in shoot showed a quadratic response to N and P levels. Result of correlations and path analysis showed positive and highly significant association between yield and virtually all other' parameters tested. Indirect contribution of most characters to yield was greatest through total dry weight, number and diameter of fruits and seed yield. Using regression constants, cost and returns of inputs and output, optimum levels of nutrients were found to be 140KgN/ha, 25KgP/ha for fruit production and 202KgN/ha, 20KgP/ha for seed production while the plant density of 60,000 plants/ha was optimum for both fruit and seed yield.