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    BRITISH POLICY TOWARDS TERRITORIAL CHANGE IN TROPICAL AFRICA, 1905-1914
    (1972-06) WTSE, AKIHTOLA J. C.
    Towards tho end of the Nineteenth Century, the (proving awareness of Britain's isolation in Europe and the pressures ethno faced in the colonial field,both in Africa and the European, led to a move by some British Statesman, notably Joseph Chamberlain, for a rapprochement with one European Croat Power. Attempts were made to establish such a relationship with Germany, but those failed because of the divergences in policies and objectives of tho two powers, Britain, however, succeeded for various reasons which have been made clear in the text, in effecting" a rapprochement with France based on an understanding on some reconcilable colonial interests in Africa. This understanding, tho Entente Cordials of 1904 later led to a closer alignment of Anglo-French, not only in Europe but also in Africa. This had sorno relevance for Africa. The partition had loft some unresolved questions such as frontier rectifications and anomalies like extensive territories under weak rulers Come of the frontier rectifications went beyond mere local delimitations and they raised issues of territorial change, while the territories of weak powers were under constant throat of despoliation by their more powerful rivals. Xn resolving these problems, while it tended to prefer tho maintenance of the territorial status QUO, the attitude of tho Foreign Office was /proved by its appreciation of the relationship between Britain and the two other Great Powers, Germany and France. Thus, although irritations continued between France and Britain, these never got out of hand; and Britain was able to overlook some of the excesses france in certain areas, for example in Liberia. With regard to Germany, resentment against tho blackmailing tactics practised by Bismarck ami the available rivalry between the two powers, engendered less generosity or understanding from Britain On frontier -questions tho Germans always seeded to be overstating their case; the question of tiffin Day or ceding this territory to Germany was soon as strengthening the enemy Tn 1911, however, British support for Franco during the Agadir crisis the criticisms which it evoked from radicals and liberals, led the government to review its general policy, The strident cries of Germans for a pl-oe in the sun found a responsive chord in Britain. There was a foolinr that Germany had not had a fair chare of Africa, and, some argued this was ono reason for her aggressive demands. It was suggested that colonial concessions might evoke come flexibility in German caval policy. Some, notably Lulu lfercourt, even hoped that the colonial detente mi«ht lead be wider fields. The literature of the period was full of Suggestions for the repartition of Africa in which the Just demands of the powers could be satisfied and peace in Europe preserved. The idea was to uoe Africa as a safety valve. Criteria. of Grey', policy aid not induce th. Liberal government to Chang, the lives of its foreign policy, out it Bad. a.mo mo-e to roach, an Undemanding with Carmany. Britain was prepared to accommodate Germany in colonial matters and to agree to n political formula, if Germany would modify its naval policy. Eventually, there was no headway in the naval Political talk.. this proved wrong the assumption that an offer of colonial concessions would Germany to modify her Kavy programme negotiations on a colonial agreement, essentially the revision of the Secret Treaty of 1890, ware pushed ahead hy Ilarcourt'o enthusiasm for an Anglo-German understanding. The experiment was not easy to carry out| not on'y were there strong material reasons militating against a colonial d.al or a re partition of Africa, hut, more important, there were very strong objections in terms of general policy and strategy, from various if ranee. Although this movement for a re partition of Africa dooa indicate that, many people, including Statesmen, believed that some of the somalis left the nineteenth Century partition could he rectified,
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    PRE-COLONIAL TRANSPORT IN NIGERIA
    (1973-06) GABRIEL, Ogundeji Ogunremi
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    BELIZE CREOLE: A STUDY OP THE CREOLIZED ENGLISH SPOKEN IN THE CITY OP BELIZE, IN ITS CULTURAL AND SOCIAL SETTING
    (1973-09) Young, Colville Norbert
    The speech of (a) three civil servants, children of manual workers (b) three civil servants, children of clerical workers (c) three manual workers and (d) four teachers is sampled in in-group and inter-group informal conversations, and an interview with the investigator in the course of which they express opinions on language use in Belize and tell stories in Creole. Their speech is analysed based on the maintenance of STD English forms vs. their replacement by non-STD forms. Three phonological and three grammatical variables provide indices to the code-switching behaviour observed. Groups (b) and (d) demonstrate the facility of clean switching between interview usage (STD) and the Creole usage of story-telling and in-group or inter-group conversation. The other two groups, (c) in particular, show continuum behaviour to a much greater extent. The Creole forms of all groups demonstrate a high degree of homogeneity. The results of a lexical test also support the findings with regard to Creole homogeneity for all informants. It is suggested that this homogeneity is The speech of (a) three civil servants, children of manual workers (b) three civil servants, children of clerical workers (c) three manual workers and (d) four teachers is sampled in in-group and inter-group informal conversations, and an interview with the investigator in the course of which they express opinions on language use in Belize and tell stories in Creole. Their speech is analysed based on the maintenance of STD English forms vs. their replacement by non-STD forms. Three phonological and three grammatical variables provide indices to the code-switching behaviour observed. Groups (b) and (d) demonstrate the facility of clean switching between interview usage (STD) and the Creole usage of story-telling and in-group or inter-group conversation. The other two groups, (c) in particular, show continuum behaviour to a much greater extent. The Creole forms of all groups demonstrate a high degree of homogeneity. The results of a lexical test also support the findings with regard to Creole homogeneity for all informants. It is suggested that this homogeneity is partly related to social and historical factors. A grammar of the Creole end of the English/Creole continuum is presented. Finally, aspects of education in Belize are considered.
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    SCULPTURAL FORMS IN CLAY
    (1974-08) Na'Allah, Saidu
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    MINORITY POLITICS IN NORTHERN NIGERIA
    (1975) Onohu, Eineje E.
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    FOREIGN NEWS COVERAGE IN U.S. NEWSMAGAZINES
    (1977) YUSUFU, ABBA
    This investigation explored and analyzed the coverage of foreign news events in Time, Newsweek, and U.S. News & World Report in 1960 and 1970. It specifically explored trends in 'attention' devoted to various geopolitical regions of the world, and various subject-matter and their related issues. Intermagazine analysis showed no differences. However, cumulatively the three newsmagazines revealed some concrete trends: (1) Dominance of World, West European and Asian affairs, and also of political/diplomatic, military/defense and economic/business affairs during the two periods. (2) Persistence of 'cold war' and 'cold war-related' themes on the cover stories during the two periods. (3) At the international level there was greater interaction between developed countries and least interaction between underdeveloped countries. (4) A generally narrow dispersion of foreign news coverage: more about developed and less about underdeveloped countries and (5) A general decrease in the number of foreign stories, but a small increase in space allocation. Explanations for these trends were suggested from the data, extra-media data and other conjectural sources: certain regions and subject-matter dominated the coverage possibly because of greater U.S. national interest in and/or closer political-cultural affinity to those regions and issues of events. 1960 being the edge of the climax of the 'cold-war' period naturally demanded greater attention to this theme, and 1970, though it saw the thawing of the cold-war and the beginning of detente, yet had some spillovers from the 'cold-war' period. The third and fourth trends possibly reflected the relative significance of various countries in international politics. The fifth trend primarily reflected the turning away from the multifarious concerns of the 'cold-war' period to a concern with more detailed analysis of events and issues. Possible consequences of the trends on public opinion and foreign policy were suggested and limited research recommendations made.
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    THE COMMITMENT AND REALISM OF JEAN MALONGA
    (1977) IKWUKA, Aloysius Gonzaga
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    Nineteenth Century Hausaland Being a Description by Imam Imoru of the Land, Economy, and Society of His People
    (1977) Edwin, Douglas Ferguson
    Nineteenth Century Hausaland Being a Description by Imam Imoru of the Land, Economy, and Society of His People by Douglas Edwin Ferguson Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles 1973 Professor Robert R. Griffeth, Chairman. This dissertation is a translation of Imam Imoru*s Hausa language manuscripts, written between 1900-1910, which describe his West African homeland of Hausaland during the nineteenth century. Imam Imoru was born in the Hausa city of Kano in 1858. He was educated between 1865-1891 to be a member of the Muslim clergy. In 1891 he left Hausaland for the Volta Basin which was over five hundred miles to the west. He settled temporarily at Salaga, and permanently in 1896 at Kete-Krachi which was on the Volta River in the German colony of Togo. He died in Kete-Krachi in 1934. Imam Imoru was the leading Muslim educator and intellectual in this region of West Africa during his lifetime. His home in Kete- Krachi became an important center of learning for the Muslim community, and Imoru's prose and poetry, written in both Arabic and Hausa, was known in Muslim communities throughout much of West Africa.Chapter 1 is a brief biography of Imam Imoru. Chapters 2 through 8 are the translations of his account. Short introduction have been provided for each chapter to put his material in a broadsocial and historical context. In Chapter 2 he writes about the rural economy of Hausaland. It was primarily an agricultural economy, and he writes about the phases of agricultural activity and the major food crops. He concludes with an account of the associated occupations of animal husbandry, fishing and hunting. Chapter 3 includes an entertaining legendary account of the origin of the Hausa-speaking people, and a description of the land and people of the different regions of Hausaland. Chapter 4 is an account of the dogma, ritual, and institutions of Islam. He concludes with a short description of .non-Islamic practices and beliefs. Chapter 5 is devoted to the social structure of Hausa society. His account ranges from succession to kingship to the capture of slaves. He includes a description of the Maliki system of jurisprudence.The daily life of the Hausa people is the subject of Chapter 6. Imoru writes about the many phases of life which begin with birth and end with death. He also writes about such varied institutions as education and plural marriage, and gives an account of the food and drink of the Hausa people. The highly developed handicraft industry is the topic of Chapter 7. He writes about the cloth, leather, and metal industries, as well as lesser industries. The final chapter covers marketing, a description of the salt industry and kola trade, and an account of the organization of the caravan trade between Kano and Salaga
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    ABDULLAHI B. FODIO AS A MUSLIM JURIST
    (1977-05) Abubakar, Aliu Gwandu
    This work is a critical and objective study of Abdullahi as a Muslim jurist. Chapter one deals with the background to 'Abdullahi's society and gives a brief account of the political, social, economic and religious conditions of the peoples of the Hausa States in the 18th century. Chapter two gives a brief account of 'Abdullahi's life. It covers his education and preaching, and the part which he played in the Sokoto Jihad. It concludes with a brief sketch of his character. In chapter three we have tried to trace the personalities that most influenced 'Abdullahi's thinking. It is hoped that a knowledge of these personalities would help to account for 'Abdullahi's views. Chapter four deals with 'Abdullahi's ideas on constitutional theory and government, and in particular his conception of the Caliphate and various departments of its administration. Chapter five deals with 'Abdullahi's ideas on Islamic society and the vital role which he ascribed to religious revival in the process of social reform. It deals with his ideas on the significance of rituals and the relationships between the various sections of Islamic society, and his attitude towards non-conformists like rebelsand zindiqs. It deals with 'Abdullahi's ideas on the institution of marriage, the upbringing of children, and the lawful and unlawful means of the acquisition of wealth. In chapter six we have attempted to make a critical assessment of 'Abdullahi as a mujtahid or an independent Muslim jurist.We dealt first with the principles which guided him in formulating his opinions. While stressing his independent juristic approach, we placed him as a mujtahid within the Malikl School of Law. We also showed how his choice of sources extended to the three orthodox schools of law.
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    ON THE NATURAL PHONOLOGY OF VOWELS
    (1978) Donegan, Patricia Jane
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    A CONTRASTING ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH. AND YORUBA MORPHOLOGY
    (1979) TINUOYE, MARY OLUFUNMILAYO
    This study demonstrates the fact that a language, in this case Yoruba, that is not as widely spoken as English, French, German etc. may contain morphological processes comparable to the widely used languages of the world. An attempt is made to contrast the morphological processes of Yoruba with that of English based on a descriptive, formal, but taxonomic approach. It is found out that Yoruba has limited morphological processes that is, where English makes use of both inflectional and derivational morphology, Yoruba makes use of derivational morphology. Also, in its use of the derivation, Yoruba makes extensive use of prefixation while English makes use of both prefixation and suffixation. The other Morphological processes the Yoruba language lends itself to are: reduplication (which is the most productive process), compounding, and calqueing. As for English there are the processes of suppletion, replacives, compounding, very faint trace of calqueing and reduplication. Suffixation is the most productive morphological process in English. Another finding is that there is no genetic relationship between the two languages. In spite of this, however, the morphological features can still be compared as there are common processes as mentioned In paragraph two above. Also the English language serves as the base language whose morphological processes are used to dig out some of the processes in the Yoruba language. Thus, in chapter one we look at the purpose of this present study, the problems to be faced, the scope of study and assumptions on which the study is based. An attempt is also made to see why the TG approach is not adopted in the study. Chapter two looks at all the morphological processes that are available in the two languages pointing out those processes that are most productive in each of the languages. Such processes for example inflectional and derivational suffixes that are absent in the Yoruba language but present in English are also discussed. Chapters three and four look at the relevance of morphology to syntax and semantics respectively. It is seen that the use of morphology in English is mainly connected with syntax while the Yoruba language puts the semantic aspect into more productive use. Chapter five then gives a summary of the whole work including a highlight of the important findings in the mode of word-formation of the two languages. The study have, thus, indicated that a contrastive study of English and Yoruba (and any other Nigerian language) in whichever field of linguistic study (phonology, morphology, semantics, syntax) is necessary as this will throw light on what features of the languages are common and where the differences occur. This is not only valuable as an academic pursuit but of great benefit to learners of English and textbook writers for students, in this case, Yoruba students learning the English language.
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    PSYCHICAL DISTANCE IN THEATRE A STUDY IN AESTHETICS
    (1979-03) Kolawole, J Gbadebo Oladipupo
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    THE CONCEPT OF MAN IN THE WORK OF ANTOINE DE SAINT-EXUPERY
    (1979-11) JULIUS, BEGHA ASHIKO