CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF Moringa oleifera (LAM), Detarium microcarpum (GUILL AND PERR) AND Bauhinia monandra (KURZ) SEEDS FOR NUTRIENT AND ANTINUTRIENT FACTORS
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF Moringa oleifera (LAM), Detarium microcarpum (GUILL AND PERR) AND Bauhinia monandra (KURZ) SEEDS FOR NUTRIENT AND ANTINUTRIENT FACTORS
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Date
2005-04
Authors
ANHWANGE, Benjamin Asen
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Abstract
The seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam (family: Moringaceae), Detarium
microcarpum (family: Caesalpiniodeae) and Bauhinia monandra (family Caesalpiniaceae)
were analyzed for mineral elements, nutritional and anti-nutritional contents,
and the chemical properties of their oils determined. The concentrations (ppm) of the
essential elements potassium, calcium, magnesium sodium, sulphur, phosphorus and iron
ranged between 77400-1190 ppm for M. oliefera, 105000-220 ppm for D. microcarpum,
and 77900-1594.33 ppm for B. monandra. The concentrations (ppm) of the essential trace
elements – iodine, copper, manganese, chromium molybdenum, selenium and zinc also
ranged between 3930-11.10., 2780-35.20 and 4150.00-11.4 (ppm) for M. oleifera, D.
microcarpum and B. monandra respectively. The non-essential elements (arsenic, lead,
tin, nickel, bromine, vanadium, cobalt, thallium and niobium have concentrations ranging
between 1100.0-108, 1960-17.4, 1690-10.70 ppm. for M. oleifera, D. microcarpum and
B. monandra respectively. The protein and lipid contents were highest in Moringa
oleifera (40.19 and 41.58% respectively). D. microcarpum contained 35.94 and 11.24%
protein and lipid content respectively. Carbohydrate was highest in D. microcarpum
(42.20%) followed by B. monandra (21.40%) and Moringa oleifera 9.11%. Bauhinia
monandra contained the highest content of phytate (11.57mg/100g) followed by Moringa
oleifera 10.18(mg/100g), while Detarium microcarpum had 5.25mg/100g. The hydrogen
cyanide content in the seeds were (0.58, 0.25, 0.32 mg /100 g) for M. oleifera, D.
macrocarpum and B. monandra respectively. The tannin and Saponins content in
Bauhinia monandra were 6.0 and 2.05%; Detarium microcarpum had 4.75 and 0.20%
while Moringa oleifera had 2.13 and 2.25% respectively. The iodine value of the oils of
M. oleifera, D. microcarpum and B. monandra were 59.48, 58.02 and 56.60 respectively.
Saponification value of M. oleifera, D. microcarpum and B. monandra oils were 197.57,
220.66 and 196.12 g / KOH respectively. The acid value, free fatty acid and peroxide
value were low (less than 9.0). The ester values of the oils were 173.15, 212.54 and
189.35 for M. oleifera, D. microcarpum and B. monandra respectively. The essential
amino acids (lysine, phenyalanine leucine, isoleucine, methionine, valine, cystine and
threonine content ranged from 5.74-1.0, 2.58-0.75, 3.77-1.11 (g/100g protein) for M.
oleifera, D. microcarpum and B. monandra respectively. The non-essential amino acid
were in various concentrations ranged from 14.43-2.09, 9.78-1.06, 11.75-2.36 (g/100g
protein) for M. oleifera, D. microcarpum and B. monandra respectively. The high
elemental, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and amino acids composition of the seeds
suggest that they could serve as supplementary sources of nutrients to man and livestock,
provided the anti-nutritional content of the seeds are reduced or eliminated by further
processing.
Description
A Thesis submitted to the Postgraduate School, Ahmadu Bello
University, Zaria in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree of Master of Science in Analytical Chemistry.
Department of Chemistry
Faculty of Science
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Keywords
CHEMICAL,, ANALYSIS,, Moringa oleifera,, Detarium,, microcarpum,, (GUILL AND PERR,, Bauhinia,, monandra,, SEEDS,, NUTRIENT,, ANTINUTRIENT,, FACTORS