INCIDENCE OF WOUND INFECTIONS IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN KANO AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE BACTERIA ISOLATES TO Alchorneacordifolia(Schumach&Thonn) Müll. Arg LEAF EXTRACTS
INCIDENCE OF WOUND INFECTIONS IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN KANO AND SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE BACTERIA ISOLATES TO Alchorneacordifolia(Schumach&Thonn) Müll. Arg LEAF EXTRACTS
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Date
2012-06
Authors
MOHAMMED, Aisha
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Abstract
Both retrospective and prospective studies of incidences of wound infection in patients that
visited Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria, were investigated in this study. In the
retrospective study, the medical records of 651 patients diagnosed with wound infections that
visited the hospital from April 2009 to September 2010 were analysed. Prospective studies
involved taking swab samples from 150 patients with wound sites, culturing, isolation and
identification of the infecting organisms and analysis of their susceptibilities to various
antibiotics. Leaves of Alchorneacordifolia were extracted and subjected to phytochemical
screening. Antimicrobial activities of the leaf extracts were carried out using the disk diffusion,
agar dilution and rate of death/survival. Analysis of medical records of 651 patients with wound
infections showed that 77.9% of the wound sites were contaminated with various organisms,
notably S. aureus, E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa and Klebsiellaspp in decreasing order of frequency.
The most common infection site was surgical sites with amoxicillin, gentamicin and ceftriaxone
being the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for the treatment of resulting infections.In the
prospective study, 82% of the 150 specimens collected were infected with bacteria made up
predominantly of S.aureus, Ps. aeruginosa, Citrobacterspp, E. coli and Pr.mirabilis. In - vitro
antibiotic sensitivity tests showed varied sensitivity profiles of the isolated organisms to the
various antibiotics. Ps. aeruginosa was found to be sensitive to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and
gentamicin, and the S.aureus isolates sensitive mostly to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin,
theEnterobacteriaceae isolates were generally more resistant to ceftazidime, gentamicin and
ciprofloxacin.Phytochemical screening of the Alchorneacordifolia leaf extracts revealed the
presence of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. Using the agar
well diffusion methods, the Ethyl Acetate fraction exhibited the greatest inhiInhibitory Concentration (MIC) and
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the extracts/fractions against organisms ranged
from 3.125mg/ml to 100mg/ml. Studies on the Rate of Death/Survival of the isolates in the Ethyl
Acetate Fraction indicated that the fraction was bacteriostatic at MIC but bactericidal at higher
concentrations. The results have therefore authenticated the claims of traditional healers in the
use of the plant leafbitory activities
against the wound bacterial isolates. The Minimum
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACEUTICAL
MICROBIOLOGY,
FACULTY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
INCIDENCE,, WOUND INFECTIONS,, TEACHING HOSPITAL,, KANO,, SUSCEPTIBILITY,, BACTERIA ISOLATES,, Alchorneacordifolia,, Müll,, Arg LEAF EXTRACTS.