PHYSICOCHEMICAL, SPECTROSCOPIC AND RHEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF IRVINGIA GABONENSIS (O’RORKE) BAILL AND CELTIS ZENKERI (ESA) ENGL GUM EXUDATES
PHYSICOCHEMICAL, SPECTROSCOPIC AND RHEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF IRVINGIA GABONENSIS (O’RORKE) BAILL AND CELTIS ZENKERI (ESA) ENGL GUM EXUDATES
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Date
2015-06
Authors
SANI, MAMMAN IBRAHIM
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Abstract
Irvingia gabonensis (IG) Baill and Celtis zenkeri (CZ) plant are used for various purposes such as timber and medicine. Physicochemical, spectroscopic and rheological studies of IG and CZ were carried out on the exudates. The analyses were carried out using standard procedures and the results were tested and compared with that of Acacia Senegal gum exudates. The results of the physiochemical analysis of Irvingia gabonensis and Celtis zenkeri gum exudates revealed that the gums are highly soluble in water with high amount of total dissolved solids. The exudates were odourless, tasteless and with pH values of 5.42 and 4.61 for Irvingia gabonensis and Celtis zenkeri gum exudates respectively. The viscosity values of the gum exudates were found to decrease with increase in temperature while increase in concentrations of the exudates was found to increase the viscosity of the gums. Addition of electrolytes such as KCl, KBr and AlCl3 was found to increase the viscosity of the gums. The concentration of metals presence in the study gums are manganese (213-146mg/kg), iron (375-311mg/kg), zinc (41-10mg/kg), lead (63-15mg/kg), magnesium (2285-2274mg/kg), cadmium (1.6-1.0mg/kg), calcium (2315-652mg/kg), copper (16.6-16.4mg/kg) and nickel (79-48mg/kg) for IG and CZ gums respectively. Surface morphology analyses indicate the shapes and dimension of the particles in addition to the amorphous nature of the gum particles. The measurement of fibre and pore shows that the pore areas for IG gum and CZ gums were 0.71μm2 and 0.02μm2 respectively while the fibre length ranged from 1.03 to 21.34μm and 53.35 to 1.52μm respectively. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of C-C bending, CO2 bending, C-O stretch, C-H wag, C-H in plane bending, C=C stretch, C-D and C=O asymmetric stretch for both 1G and CZ gums. The data obtained from the different analyses give an insight into the possibility of using the plant gums as food additive, pharmacological and industrial applications.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER DEGREE IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
PHYSICOCHEMICAL,, SPECTROSCOPIC,, RHEOLOGICAL STUDIES,, IRVINGIA GABONENSIS,, (O’RORKE),, BAILL,, CELTIS ZENKERI (ESA),, ENGL GUM EXUDATES.