DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVE POLARIZABILITIES AND RADIATIVE FORCING OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS: IMPACTS ON VARIATIONS WITH WAVELENGTHS AND RELATIVE HUMIDITIES
DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVE POLARIZABILITIES AND RADIATIVE FORCING OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS: IMPACTS ON VARIATIONS WITH WAVELENGTHS AND RELATIVE HUMIDITIES
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Date
2016-08
Authors
UBA, SHUAIBU
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Abstract
In this research, I reviewed and applied the Claussi Massoti together with Maxwell
relations 2 n and derived the Lorentz – Lorentz relation. We computed the effective
Polarizabilities for each atmospheric aerosol components. Hence, the effective
polarizabilities for six types of model extracted from OPAC. The six models are: Artic,
Antarctic, Maritime Tropical, Urban, Desert/Saharan and Continental Clean aerosols. The
respective effective Polarizabilities were computed numerically within 61 wavelengths
spectral ranges and eight different types of relative Humidities (RH 00%, 50%, 70%, 80%,
90%, 95%, 98%, and 99% ) respectively. The three wavelengths spectral range are: Part I
(0.25 to 0.8 m), Near UV region to visible range. Part II (0.8 to 6.0 μm), Near infrared to
medium spectral range and Part III (6.0 to 40.0 m), Far IR region. The results were
analyzed graphically within the three different spectral regions. We have found that the
range of effective polarizabilities for six models are as follows: continental clean aerosols
0.491 to 0.541Å3, Urban aerosols 0.00667 to 0.0073 Å3, for Antarctic aerosols, 0.0063 to
0.256 Å3, Artic aerosols 0.000333 to 0.00311 Å3, Maritime aerosols 0. 000144 to
0.000205 Å3 finally, for Saharan aerosols is 0.000663 to 0.0000909 Å3 respectively.
Similarly for the Radiative Forcings (RF) were computed numerically using the concept of
Chylek and Wong. The vibrational frequency were determined for each spectral region of
the model. With changes of relative humidity in the atmosphere, condensation or
evaporation of water take place on the aerosols and this at the same time changes
the aerosols optical parameters It is evident that, when the relative humidity
increases, the size of an aerosol particle increases through the accretion of water. At
RH above 95%. together with the growth in size, the complex refractive index of
the aerosol also varies.
The research reveals that; the magnitude of Polarizabilities have shown clear decrease with
increases in RH for all the aerosols models but have extraordinary values at different
wavelength bands. The contributions mainly was due to the effect of the strongly or
viii
loosely bound electrons that create the dipoles. The magnitude of the mean polarizabilities is minimum near IR region, moderate at Near UV to Visible and maximum at far IR spectral range. Similarly, for the RF, the cooling effects occurred as RH and λ decrease. While the warming effect occurred for Saharan aerosols at all the wavelengths range and persisted as the wavelength increases. The results have clear shown that the vibrational polarizabilities increases with increase in RH. The optical depth of the atmospheric aerosols were determined for each model and analyzed graphically, the results have shown the clear decreases in size with increase in wavelengths but increases with increase in RH. The statistical analysis using SPSS was used for further interpretations. The statistical regression analysis shows that, the aerosol optical depth decreases with increase in λ. As the RH increases, the aerosol increases in size and the dipole decreases hence the polarizabilities decreases with increase in RH. Finally, we observed that, Sahara aerosols model has the lowest polarizabilities resulted in highest warming effect and continental clean aerosols model has the highest value of effective polarizability and resulted the cooling effect.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA – NIGERIA
Keywords
DETERMINATION,, EFFECTIVE POLARIZABILITIES,, RADIATIVE FORCING,, ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS,, IMPACTS,, VARIATIONS,, WAVELENGTHS,, RELATIVE HUMIDITIES,