PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS IN VARIOUS LOCATIONS OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

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Date
1999
Authors
JATAU, EDWARD DAVID
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Abstract
A total of one thousand seven hundred and fifteen (1715) patients, consisting of nine hundred and thirty eight (938) female and seven hundred and seventy seven (777) male patients were screened for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection from seven locations representing the four geographical zones into which Kaduna state was divided for the purpose of this study. Out of the 1715 patients screened, 275 (16.03%) were found positive for N. gonorrhoeae infection. The prevalence rates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection per location were Zaria 22.08%, Kaduna, 21.33%, Pambeguwa, 18.35%, Kafanchan, 16.66%, Kachia, 12.66%, Giwa, 11.70% and Soba, 10.76%. The results showed that the age group 15-20 years had the highest prevalence of infection (31.05%) followed by the age groups 36-40 years and 21- 25 years with prevalence of 26.05% and 22.80% respectively. The highest prevalence in males (23.91%) occurred in the age group 36-40 years while the highest prevalence of infection in the female patients (11.18%) was found in the age group 15-20 years. Out of the 275 gonococcal isolates, 225 (81.82%) were resistant to penicillin, 206 (74.91%) were resistant to ampicillin, 122 (44.36%) were resistant to tetracycline, 34 (12.36%) isolates were resistant to erythromycin, and 16 (5.82%) isolates were resistant to gentamicin. All the 275 Neisseria gonorrhoeae vii isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone, cefuroxime and ofloxacin. A total number of 203 out of the 225 penicillin resistant isolates (90.11%) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were found to exhibit multiple drug resistance. Out of, these, 106 (47.11%) were resistant to penicillin G and ampicillin, 67 (29.77%) were resistant to penicillin G, Ampicillin and Tetracycline. Eighteen (8%) isolates were resistant to penicillin G, Ampicillin, Tetracycline and Erythromycin. Five strains found possessed resistance to penicillin G, Ampicillin and Erythromycin while three strains exhibited resistance to penicillin G, Ampicillin, Tetracycline and Gentamicin. Resistance to penicilin G, Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Erythromycin and Gentamicin was each found in only one isolate. Similarly two strains simultaneously exhibited resistance to penicillin G, Ampicillin and Gentamicin while one strain showed-resistance to penicillin G, and Gentamicin. Out of the 225 Nerissa gonorrhea isolates resistant to penicillin, 189 (84%) were positive for beta-lactate production. The resistance in the remaining 36 penicillin resistant strains were probably chromosomal induced. The prevalence of penicillin producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) was statistically significant (p<0.05%). This study also showed high prevalence of agents of non-gonococcal urethritits among the patients screened. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 403 (23.5%) patients. Candida Albanians from 269 (25.7%) patients, E coli from 204 (11.9%), Trichinosis vaginal-is from 104 (6.06%) patients and Klebsiella sp. from 49 (2.8%) patients. Cases of mixed infection with agents of non-gonococal urethritis were found in a total of 298 patients. Mixed infections involving Candida Albanians and Staphylococcus aureus were found in 70 (4.1 %) patients and mixed infection of E. coli and S. aureus occurred in 60 (3.5%) patients. Trichinosis vaginal is and Candida Albanians mixed infection occurred in 55 (3.2%) patients. The findings in this study showed high prevalence of Nerissa gonorrhea infection with high level of antimicrobial resistance, particularly to the drugs commonly used for the treatment of gonorrhea. The prevalence of nonoccupational infections was also high. The general prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among the studied population requires urgent action by the government to contain the spread of sexually transmitted diseases that have been closely linked with the spread of HIV infection.
Description
A Thesis Submitted to the Postgraduate School, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology 1999
Keywords
PREVALENCE,, ANTIMICROBIAL,, SUSCEPTIBILITIES,, NEISSERIA,, GONORRHOEAE,, ISOLATED, PATIENTS,, VARIOUS,, LOCATIONS,, KADUNA STATE
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http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/268
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SCIENCE