ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE GENE STUDIES OF SALMONELLA SEROVARS FROM CHICKEN BREAST MUSCLES IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE GENE STUDIES OF SALMONELLA SEROVARS FROM CHICKEN BREAST MUSCLES IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
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Date
2017-10
Authors
GARBA, MUHAMMAD KABIR
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Abstract
Commercial poultry constitutes one of the largest and most important reservoirs of enteric pathogens such as Salmonella. Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella serovars to conventional and newer antibiotics have been observed in many areas of the world. Controlling enteric pathogen infections has become an important objective for the poultry industry from both public health and economic perspectives. Multidrug-resistance in Salmonella limits the therapeutic options available for their treatments and this has resulted in increased morbidity, mortality as well as health care costs worldwide. To determine the prevalence of Salmonella serovars, their antibacterial susceptibility profile as well as to determine for the presence of antibacterial resistance genes on these Salmonella isolates, a total of four hundred (400) Chicken breast muscle samples were randomly selected from four sampling sites in Sokoto Metropolis. The samples were screened for the presence of Salmonella serovars using standard techniques. Antibacterial susceptibility of the isolates recovered from the samples were determined using disk diffusion technique and the presence of antibacterial resistance genes of the isolates was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. A prevalence of 6.5% Salmonella organisms’ contamination was observed on the meat samples collected for the study. Screening for the presence of antimicrobial residues in the chicken meat samples revealed that 339 (84.75%) of the meat samples had antimicrobial residues greater than the maximum residual limit (MRL). Presumptive identification of the antimicrobial agent present in the meat sample showed that 241 (60.25%) of the meat samples had tetracycline residues and 93 (27.4%) had streptomycin residues. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates showed 96.2% susceptibility to nitrofurantoin, 92.3% to nalidixic acid and 73.1% to ofloxacin. Resistance profile of the isolates revealed 73.1% resistance to tetracycline, 65% resistance to ampicillin and a 61.5% to chloramphenicol. Multiple resistance index (MARI) of 0.25 or more was observed in
34.6% (9/26) of the bacterial isolates. Antibiotic resistance gene analysis showed the presence of ampicillin resistance gene (blaTEM) and tetracycline resistance gene (tetA) in 75% of the isolates. Presence of multiple resistance genes was also observed in 50% of the isolates. All the three resistance genes (blaTEM, tetA and floR) were observed in 12.5% of the isolates. Antibiotics have been used widely in poultry to treat, prevent infections and also in feeds to promote growth. Such practice has improved poultry performance effectively and economically but has resulted in the increase in the spread of antibiotic resistant organisms. There is therefore the need for more rational use of antibtiotics in animal production and in human use.
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A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE OF SCIENCE IN MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE,, ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE GENE STUDIES,, SALMONELLA SEROVARS,, CHICKEN BREAST MUSCLES,, SOKOTO METROPOLIS,, NIGERIA