PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDIES AND THE EFFECTS OF CHLOROPHYLLUM MOLYBDITES (MEYER:F.) MASSES (AGARICACEAE) ON ISOLATED RABBIT JEJUNUM AND GUINEA PIG ILEUM
PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDIES AND THE EFFECTS OF CHLOROPHYLLUM MOLYBDITES (MEYER:F.) MASSES (AGARICACEAE) ON ISOLATED RABBIT JEJUNUM AND GUINEA PIG ILEUM
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Date
2012-08
Authors
MOHAMMED, IBRAHIM MANSUR.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Mushroom poisoning by Chlorophyllum molybdites /Meyer:Fr (Agaricaceae) is a serious
problem that has caused a lot of death due to improper identification. C. molybdites found
in Zaria Nigeria was investigated to identify the morphological and microscopic features,
the secondary metabolites present, the toxicxiy in rats and mice, and also to investigate the
effect of the methanolic extract on rabbit and guinea pig jejunum . The external
morphology of the pileus showed a whitish domed shaped pileus (brittle texture and the
surface bumpy at the centre) with diameter of 5 – 12 cm and a whitish flesh of 1 – 3 cm
thick and light brownish patches. Light brownish patches were observed on the scaly pileus
with the edges showing radiating lines that follow the lines of the gills. The surface is
bumpy and the flesh approximately 1.3 cm thick with a brittle texture. The lamellae was
greenish in colour and was at the underside of the cap like pages in a book. It was closely
packed on the inside of the cap and had thickness of approximately 1cm from the pileus to
the edge the lamellae. The stipe is 1 – 2 cm thick, whitish greyish brown in colour and
slightly curved at the base. It has a brittle texture and a smooth surface. The spores on the
lamellae were fine greenish powder with greenish colour which changes to brown on
storage. The spore print had a diameter of 6.8 – 12.3 cm. The spores of C. molybdites was
amyloid. The physical constants revealed a moderate total ash value of 4.0% , acid
insoluble ash of 0.43%, water soluble and alcohol soluble extractive values were 10.34%
and 7.15% respectively. The TLC was done with different solvent system; n-butanol: acetic
acid: water in ratio, (4:1:5), Hexane : Ethylacetate in the ration (9:1), Chloroform :
Ethylacetate in the ration (2:3) and Chloroform : Ethylacetate : methanol : water (8:15:4:1)
chromatograph reveals 5 spots with the solvent system n-butanol: acetic acid: H2O (4:1:5)
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with Ethylacetate : methanol : water (8:15:4:1) and n-butanol: acetic acid: water (4:5:1)
being the best solvent system given a total of 5 spots each when sprayed with 10%
sulphuric acid and Dragendorff reagent. With Ninhydrine reagent, it showed two spots (nbutanol:
acetic acid:Water (4:5:1)). The TLC indicates the presence of highly polar
constituents. The methanolic extract of Cholrophyllym molybdite is moderately toxic with
LD50 of 288.53mg/kg and 471mg/kg in rats and mice respectively. The extract also possess
smooth muscle contractile effect on the intestinal smooth muscle on both rabbit jujenum
and guinea pig ilium mediated via both muscarinic and histaminergic mechanisms. The
findings from this investigation are useful in preparation of the monograph of this
macrofungi.
TABLE OF
Description
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND DRUG
DEVELOPMENT,
FACULTY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, AHMADU
BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA-NIGERIA.
Keywords
PHARMACOGNOSTIC,, STUDIES,, EFFECTS,, CHLOROPHYLLUM,, MOLYBDITES,, MASSES,, (AGARICACEAE,, ISOLATED,, RABBIT,, JEJUNUM,, GUINEA,, PIG,, ILEUM.