TOXICITY OF TEXTILE EFFLUENT ON OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS
TOXICITY OF TEXTILE EFFLUENT ON OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS
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Date
2018-01
Authors
MARTIN, ENI VICTORIA
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Abstract
The toxicity of textile effluent on the fingerlings of Oreochromis niloticus was investigated. The physico-chemical parameters and concentration of heavy metals in the textile effluent was investigated. Acute and chronic effects of the textile effluent on behaviour and morphology, haematology, histopathology, growth and nutrient utilization parameters were also investigated. Fingerlings of Oreochromis niloticus of average weight (167.55-172.52) were exposed to varying concentrations (25ml/L, 30ml/L, 35ml/L, 40ml/L and 45ml/L) of the textile effluent for 96hrs in glass tanks of 25L in a static bioassay. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel for Windows 2007. The LC50 value was found to be 33.50. The result of physico-chemical parameters analysed from the Wastewater were include DO (3.10-4.30mg/l), EC (68-315μS/cm), temperature (29.10-31.20°C), BOD (0.30-3.40mg/l), pH (7.10-10.00), TDS (75-1770mg/l), alkalinity (0.6-3.93mg/l) and hardness (2.11-33mg/l) nitrite (0.021-4.70mg/l) showed significant difference (p<0.05) across the treatments. The following metals were assessed in the textile effluent, Aluinium(Al), Chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) and comparing their mean values with those of WHO (1984)/FEPA (1991), metals like Cr, Fe, Cu and Pb posed significant (p<0.05) environmental threat because their mean values were above the WHO, (1884)/FEPA (1991). There were some behavioural and morphological observations made during the acute bioassay which includes vertical positioning, erratic swimming, deformities, incessant gulping of air, accumulation of mucus on the body surface and gill filament which usually proceed to death. The acute and chronic exposure of the toxicant to the fingerlings of Oreochromis niloticus elicited significant changes in some haematological parameters; RBCC was fairly constant in all the treatment tanks, WBCC had its lowest value in the control group of 3.60 and PCV was also fairly constant in all the treatment tanks and higher concentrations of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and white blood cell indicating that test fish suffered haemolyticanaemia and leucocytocis. Different histopathological studies showed attenuated primary lamellae, marked loss of secondary lamellae, loss of epithelial cells, erosion of gill villi, oedema mild fatty change, moderate steatosis, necrosis and hyperemia as it was observed in all treatments except in the control tank which showed no any change on the tissues.
The textile effluent showed high significant (p>0.05) effect on the growth with initial mean growth of 167.55 and final mean of 180.35 which showed increased growth and all the nutrient utilization parameters (LWG, SGR, FCR, GFCE, FE and NM). Based on the results obtained from this work, it is recommended that textile effluents should be treated before being released because the result showed that they are lethal to fish and other organisms.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER DEGREE IN BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
TOXICITY,, TEXTILE,, EFFLUENT,, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS,