SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYDATIDOSIS IN ANIMALS SLAUGHTERED IN KANO ABATTOIR, KANO STATE, NIGERIA
SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYDATIDOSIS IN ANIMALS SLAUGHTERED IN KANO ABATTOIR, KANO STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2006-06
Authors
LUKA, Sodangi Abdulkarim
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Abstract
The epidemiology of hydatidosis in animals including camels slaughtered in the
Kano abattoir was investigated. Antigenic profiles and serum antibody responses from
domestic animals naturally infected with Echinococcus granulosus were examined in
Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Western
blotting (WB) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) using antigens
prepared from E. granulosus hydatid cyst fluid. Available 10-year (1993-2002) hospital
records on the disease in man were examined from four major hospitals in Kano
municipal in order to determine the level of prevalence recorded in man.
A total of 21 hydatid cysts were collected from goats (8), sheep (6) and camels (7).
Five hundred and fifty one (551) serum samples were collected from sheep (138),
goats(130), cattle(147) and camels(136) during the study period.
The major antigenic components in the hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) antigen
preparations were protein molecules of 12,45,50-66,118-160 kDa. Camel purified HCF
showed prominent bands of 32,66,118,150 and 160 kDa.Goat purified antigen
preparation showed prominent bands of 45-52,66,100 and118 kDa.The sheep HCF
contained the 8,16,42,32-52,66,96,118 and 150 kDa bands respectively. The most
consistent demonstrable protein in Echinococcus granulosus occurred as a complex in the
52-62 kDa region. Common antigenic bands occurred mainly between 30 and 67 kDa in
electrophoresed cyst fluids of the animals.
The overall prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus antibody response by ELISA
was 32.6%. The highest prevalence was recorded in camels (38.9%), sheep (36.2%),
cattle (31.2%) and goats had the least (23.8%). Higher prevalence was recorded in older
animals than younger ones. There were no statistical significant differences between the
prevalence rate of young and old cattle and camels (χ2=p>0.05), and no significant
association between age and disease prevalence (p>0.05). Significant differences were
recorded between young and adult sheep and goats (p<0.05). There were significant
associations between age and prevalence in the sheep and goats (p<0.05). Antibodies to
Echinococcus granulosus was encountered in both males and females with no statistical
significant difference in prevalence between males and females among all the animals
and no association between the sex of the animals and prevalence of antibodies to
Echinococcus granulosus (p>0.05).
Western blot analysis showed that 110 sera from all the animals representing
19.9% of the 551 serum samples bind at least one of the 8, 24,
30,36,38,42,48,52,66,92,118 or 150 kDa Echinococcus granulosus specific antigenic
bands which served as criteria for determination of positivity. Bands of 66, 118 and 150
kDa persisted throughout the study among infected animals while the 8-24 kDa bands
fluctuated.
The abattoir was properly fenced, there were no stray dogs seen around the
abattoir but the level of hygiene of the abattoir, method of disposal of animal wastes and
condemnation of offals were very poor. Based on the hospital records, no egg (0.0%) or
segment of Echinococcus was recovered in stool of patients that attended the four
hospitals during the study period (ten year-record). Hospital surgery records showed that
a hydatid cyst was recovered from the lung of a 30 year old male patient at the Mallam
Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in 1999. The study concludes that hydatidosis is
prevalent in animals in the Kano area with potential health consequences in man.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE
SCHOOL AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA IN PARTIAL
FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D)
IN VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE,
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS,, HYDATIDOSIS,, ANIMALS SLAUGHTERED,, KANO ABATTOIR,, KANO STATE,, NIGERIA.