CAMPANO-MAASTRICHTIAN SUCCESSION AND PALEO ENVIRONMENT OF THE SOUTHERN BIDA BASIN, CENTRAL NIGERIA
CAMPANO-MAASTRICHTIAN SUCCESSION AND PALEO ENVIRONMENT OF THE SOUTHERN BIDA BASIN, CENTRAL NIGERIA
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Date
2016-08
Authors
OHIEMI, Adukwu Fabian
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Abstract
The determination of paleodepositional environment within which geologic factors interplayed to establish the sedimentary facies present in outcropping sediments in parts of the Southern Bida Basin, in order to establish sedimentary facies through sedimentological analysis of sediments by detailed field mapping and laboratory techniques, forms the focus of this study. The study area is bounded by latitudes 7° 51’ and 8° 30’ N and longitudes 6° 40’ and 6° 57’E. The southern Bida Basin contains a stratigraphic succession comprising of Lokoja Sandstone, Patti Formation and Agbaja Ironstone. The Lokoja Sandstone consists of conglomerate, sandstone and claystone facies. The conglomerate facie is subdivided into massive, matrix to grain supported subfacies. The sandstone facies is also subdivided into medium, pebbly grained and bioturbated sandstone subfacies. The result of the grain size analyses show that the Lokoja Sandstones are generally poorly sorted, medium to coarse grained in texture The Patti Formation in the study area consists of conglomerate, sandstone, and siltstone-shale-claystone facies with sand,fine-grained sand, medium-grained sand, coarse-grained sand, clayey siltstone, silty clay, and sandy silt hummocky cross stratified and bioturbated sandstones subfacies. Herringbone cross-stratification, bioturbation and wave ripples associated with the sandstones of the Patti Formation. The result of grain size analysis of sandstones from Patti Formation shows that it is medium to coarse grained, poorly sorted The Agbaja Ironstone consists of oolitic, concretional and massive ironstone bed interbedded sandstone and claystone. Depositional environments defined by values of bivariate plots of skewness versus standard deviation and mean versus standard deviation for samples obtained from part of Lokoja Sandstone and Patti Formation confirmed by bivariate plot of skewness versus median for some samples indicate a continental fluvial and shallow marine to transitional paleodepositional environment. The depostional environment for the Campano-Maastrichtian successions in the southern Bida Basin evolved from proximal alluvial fans through braided stream into shallow marine conditions
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A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN GEOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
CAMPANO-MAASTRICHTIAN SUCCESSION,, PALEO ENVIRONMENT,, SOUTHERN BIDA BASIN,, CENTRAL NIGERIA,