PHARMACOGNOSTI CAL STUDIES OF SOME LOCAL PLANTS OF COSMETIC VALUE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EUCALYPTUS SPECIES
PHARMACOGNOSTI CAL STUDIES OF SOME LOCAL PLANTS OF COSMETIC VALUE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EUCALYPTUS SPECIES
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Date
1986-12
Authors
ABDULLAHI, ZAINAB
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Abstract
V a r i o u s l o c a l p l a n t s c o n t a i n v o l a t i l e o i l t h at
have b e e n used as c o s m e t i c s or in t h e p r e p a r a t i o n of
c o s m e t i c s t h r o u g h o u t t h e a g e s . The u s e s and c o n s t i t u e n ts
o f t h o s e growing in N i g e r i a have b e e n r e v i e w e d and
d i s c u s s e d . In t h i s c o n n e c t i o n , t h e h i s t o r y of c o s m e t i cs
a n d p o s s i b l e f a c t o r s t h a t may be r e s p o n s i b l e for i ts
s p r e a d have a l s o b e e n o u t l i n e d ,,
I n a n a t t e m p t t o e s t a b l i s h some d i f f e r e n t i a t i ng
c h a r a c t e r j t s of t h e t h r e e N i g e r i a n E u c a l y p t u s s p e c i e s^
n a m e l y ^ E u c a l y p t u s c i t r i o d o r a , E. t e r e t i c o r n i s and
E . c a m a l d u l e n s i s , c e r t a i n c r i t e r i a such a s q u a n t i t a t i ve
m i c r o s c o p y and p h y s i c a l c o n s t a n t v a l u e s of t h e p l a n ts
w e r e d e t e r m i n e d . Values of t h e s t o m a t a l number, p a l i s a de
r a t i o , v e i n - I s l e t number and t h e s t o m a t a l index so o b t a i n ed
may be of use in d i f f e r e n t i a t i n g b e t w e e n t h e t h r ee
E u c a l y p t u s s p e c i e s . Also, t h e s i z e s of t h e e p i d e r m al
c e l l s , s t o m a t a and o i l - g l a n d s may a l s o b e u s e f u l i n t h is
r e s p e c t . The r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d i n e a c h c a s e have b e en
d i s c u s s e d . Physical c h a r a c t e r s such a s t h e odour of t he
s p e c i e s may s e r v e as a d i s t i n g u i s h i n g f a c t o r . Thus, w h i le
E . c i t r i o d o r a i s ' c i t r o n - s c e n t e d , t h e o t h e r two s p e c i es
have c a m p h o r a c e o u s o d o u r s.
E x t r a c t i o n of o i l s of t h e E u c a l y p t u s s p e c i e s was
c a r r i e d out in d i f f e r e n t s e a s o n s ; i . e . d r y and r a i n y s e a s o ns
u s i n g b o t h d r y and f r e s h l e a v e s t o d e t e r m i n e t h e e f f e c t s of
s e a s o n a l v a r i a t i o n s of t h e q u a l i t y and q u a n t i t y of t he
volatile oils. Results obtained showed a higher oil
yield in E. citriodora in both dry and rainy seasons when
either,the fresh or dry leaves were used. In general, the
dried leaves of all the Eucalyptus species, except
E. citriodora, yielded more oil in both seasons. Some
other plants, namely, lemongrass, Ocimum, clove, tangerine,
ginger and peels of orange^were also extracted to
determine their total volatile oil contents.
The chemical constituents of the oils of the three
Eucalyptus species were ascertained by Thin-layer (TLC)
and Gas Liquid Chromatographic (GLC) separations.
E. citriodora was found to contain citronellal as the
principal constituent. Other constituents identified
were cineole, citronellol and geraniol. E. camaldulensis
was also seen to contain similar constituents, while
E. tereticornis containted all the above constituents
except geraniol. These results have been discussed and
compared with those of others on the same plants grown
elsewhere.
Benzene : ethylaThe a n t i - b a c t e r i a l and a n t i f u n g a l p r o p e r t i e s of
t h e s e o i l s were s t u d i e d using m i c r o b i o l o g i c a l t e c h n i q u e s.
They have been found to be e f f e c t i v e a g a i n s t E s c h e r i c h ia
c o l i , Staphylococcus aureus and Candida a l b i c a n s . It
was observed t h a t a l l the o i l s had some degree of a n t i fungal
and a n t i b a c t e r i a l a c t i v i t y . Thus, an e x p l a n a t i on
as to why the o i l s of c l o v e , lemon g r a s s , Ocimum, e t c,
a r e used in l o c a l cosmetic p r e p a r a t i o n s was o b t a i n e d.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POST-GRADUATE SCHOOL,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL
FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE PHARMACOGNOSY
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT,
FACULTY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA,
NIGERIA.
Keywords
PHARMACOGNOSTI CAL STUDIES,, LOCAL PLANTS,, COSMETIC VALUE,, SPECIAL REFERENCE,, EUCALYPTUS SPECIES,