PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA SPECIES FROM ORGANS AND FAECES OF CHICKENS SOLD AT RETAIL MARKETS IN ZARIA, NIGERIA
PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA SPECIES FROM ORGANS AND FAECES OF CHICKENS SOLD AT RETAIL MARKETS IN ZARIA, NIGERIA
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Date
2012-10
Authors
ABDOULAYE, Diafara,
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Abstract
Chickens and chicken products such as eggs are abundant in the markets (Samaru, Zaria
City, Sabon Gari, Tudun Wada and Dan Magaji) of Zaria. The purpose of this study was
to determine the prevalence of Salmonella species from organs and faeces of chickens,
the extent of tissue distribution of Salmonella species, the most common serotypes that
invade and colonize the tissues of chickens in Zaria and the susceptibilities of the isolated
Salmonella serotypes to commonly used antibiotics. Four hundred samples from 100
apparently healthy slaughtered adult local chickens in Zaria were examined for the
presence of Salmonella. Salmonella were isolated and identified according to the
techniques recommended by the World Health Organization: pre-enrichment, selective
enrichment, selective plating, biochemical testing and serotyping. A total of 17
Salmonella isolates consisting of 10 different serotypes were identified. There was an
overall Salmonella prevalence of 15%, and the isolates were distributed as follows, caecal
content (12), liver (3), caecum (1) and gallbladder (1).The predominant serovars were S.
Jedburgh (5), S. Typhimurium – DT29 (2), S. Derby (2) and S. enterica subsp. enterica
gr. E (2). S. Typhimurium – NT (1), S. Agoueve (1), S. Takoradi (1), S. Ealing (1), S.
Stanleyville (1) and S. Koenigstuhl (1) were also isolated. The 2 S. Derby, 1 S. enterica
subsp. enterica gr. E and S. Stanleyville were resistant (23.53 %) to sulfamethoxazole,
sulphonamide, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Thirteen
isolates (76.57 %) were sensitive to the panel of antibiotics used. There was a significant
association (p = 0.000, p < 0.05) between organs and infection, and markets and infection
(p = 0.003, p < 0.05). Chickens sold at retail markets in Zaria were infected with
Salmonella organisms. Salmonella species were distributed in caecal contents, caecum,
liver and gall bladder. The most common serotype was S. Jedburgh. Multidrug resistance
patterns were observed in four isolates. The national and local health authorities should
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enforce the food hygiene regulations to reduce the spread of zoonotic and multidrug
resistant Salmonella to humans. Public enlightenment programmes on the modes of
transmission of Salmonella should be conducted by Human and Veterinary Public Health
services. Further studies should be conducted to know the extent of distribution of
Salmonella spp. in different areas of Kaduna State and the country at large
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLOUNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR
THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH
AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
Keywords
PREVALENCE,, CHARACTERIZATION,, CHARACTERIZATION,, CHARACTERIZATION,, ORGANS,, FAECES,, CHICKENS SOLD,, RETAIL,, MARKETS,, ZARIA,, NIGERIA