MOLECULAR DETECTION OF POLIOVIRUSES AND ANTIBODIES FROM CHILDREN IN KANO, KEBBI AND ZAMFARA STATES, NIGERIA

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dc.contributor.authorYUSUF, Kabir Mawashi
dc.date.accessioned2016-04-28T08:41:06Z
dc.date.available2016-04-28T08:41:06Z
dc.date.issued2015-08
dc.descriptionA DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILlMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, NIGERIAen_US
dc.description.abstractA high proportion of poliovirus antibodies amongst susceptible children, must at all times be sustained in a community if poliomyelitis infection is to be curtailed and its final eradication achieved. For some time now, children have been vaccinated against poliomyelitis through various strategies (Routine Immunization (RI) and Supplemental Immunization Activities (SIAs) in Northern Nigeria without commensurate measures to systematically evaluate the effectiveness or otherwise of such activities. This research was embarked upon to determine the poliovirus antibody prevalence to serotypes 1, 2 and 3 in the three study areas of Kano, Zamfara and Kebbi States, to determine the effect of some probable risk factors of poliovirus antibody amongst the children and also detect if present, the poliovirus in the stool sample of children positive to all the three serotypes. This will give room to assess the overall performance of the Immunization programme through a serosurvey. A cross-sectional survey was designed to enroll children whose mothers had access to Health Facilities across the study area. Two hundred and fourty blood and stool samples each were collected and tested for the presence of poliovirus antibodies and poliovirus particles respectively. Indirect ELISA was used to detect the presence of poliovirus antibodies, while Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used for poliovirus detection. Nine variables were evaluated for their role/contribution or otherwise to overall poliovirus antibody in children in the selected areas in the States. Out of the samples collected, 189 (78.8%) had antibodies to all the three poliovirus serotypes. While 223 (92.9%), 205 (85.4%) and 221 (92.1%) had antibodies to poliovirus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 respectively. About 21.2% of the children sampled had no detectable antibody to any of the poliovirus serotypes. Children numbering 196 (81.7%), 214 (89.2%) and 196 (81.7%) had poliovirus viii antibodies to poliovirus types 1 and 2, 1 and 3 and 2 and 3 respectively. About 56.3% of the children sampled in Kano State had antibodies to all the poliovirus serotypes. The percentages of children who had antibodies to poliovirus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 were 65.2%, 86.5% and 68.2% respectively. Seropositivity prevalence to all the polioviruses in Kebbi State was 83.3%. Children who had antibodies to poliovirus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 were about 89.3%, 89.3% and 88.2% of the entire children sampled respectively. Zamfara State children sampled had 96.3% antibody prevalence to all the three poliovirus serotypes. Overall, the children had antibody prevalence to poliovirus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 as 97.5%, 98.7% and 97.5% respectively. Older children 48 – 59 months had a higher poliovirus antibody prevalence (93.5%) than the 0 – 11 months old (66.0%). Female children had higher poliovirus antibody prevalence (86.0%) than Male children (72.2%). Poliovirus antibody prevalence showed increase with Polio Vaccine taken by the children sampled. Children who were not administered any dose had the lowest poliovirus antibody prevalence (66.7%), those that received more than four doses had the highest poliovirus antibody prevalence with (85.7%). Urban children had higher poliovirus antibody prevalence (75.2%) than their rural counterpart (48.7%). Children whose father‘s educational level was up to tertiary level had highest poliovirus antibody prevalence (100%) than those with either primary (56.0%) or secondary school (87.8%) educational levels. Children of the civil servants had the highest poliovirus antibody prevalence (80.2%) while children whose fathers were traders had the lowest prevalence (76.2%). Children of other tribes resident in the study areas had higher poliovirus antibody prevalence (83.1%) than the indigenous tribes (Hausa 72.8% and Fulani 81.7%). Children whose household‘s major water source was pipe borne water had the highest poliovirus antibody prevalence (83.6%) while those with well water as their major water source had the lowest antibody prevalence (75.0%). This study found out that age of the children, sex, number of vaccine doses taken, State of residence and educational level of the fathers haden_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/7790
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectMOLECULAR DETECTION,en_US
dc.subjectPOLIOVIRUSES,en_US
dc.subjectANTIBODIES,en_US
dc.subjectCHILDREN,en_US
dc.subjectKANO,en_US
dc.subjectKEBBI,en_US
dc.subjectZAMFARA STATES,en_US
dc.subjectNIGERIAen_US
dc.titleMOLECULAR DETECTION OF POLIOVIRUSES AND ANTIBODIES FROM CHILDREN IN KANO, KEBBI AND ZAMFARA STATES, NIGERIAen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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