THE USE OF SOME NON-CONVENTIONAL PROTEIN SOURCES FOR FATTENING CATTLE
THE USE OF SOME NON-CONVENTIONAL PROTEIN SOURCES FOR FATTENING CATTLE
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Date
2005-11
Authors
SAKA, LAMIDI,
OWOLABI
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Twenty one different feed sources collected in and around Zaria were analyzed for nutrient
composition. One energy source (maize offal) and three protein sources (layer litter, broiler
litter and whole cotton seed) were selected for the three cattle fattening trials based on their
nutritive value, availability and cost.
In the first fattening trial, twenty Bunaji bulls weighing between 230- 250 kg were used to
study the effect of sun-dried layer litter (SDLL) as protein source to replace cotton seed
cake for fattening bulls fed sorghum stover basal diet. The concentrates were offered at
60% of 3% body weight individually and sorghum stover, water and mineral salt lick were
offered ad libitum.
Intake of the concentrate decreased with increase in the proportion of SDLL replacing CSC
in the diets. Intake of the concentrate containing 0, 25, 50 and 75% SDLL were similar
(P>0.05) but different significantly (P<0.05) from those containing 100% SDLL. The range
was from 2.55 to 4.74kg/head/day. Level of SDLL in the diets had no effect on the intake
of sorghum stover. Total daily feed intake ranged between 3.73 and 5.96kg, there were no
differences between diets containing 0, 25, 50 and 75% SDLL, but diet containing 100%
SDLL differed significantly (P<0.05) from others. Body condition score ranged from 4.58
to 4.88 while rumen ammonia nitrogen (RAN) level was from 8.13 to 14.10mg/100ml and
rumen pH from 6.38 to 6.88. The values taken at the end of the study were not significantly
different (P>0.05) for pH and body condition score but RAN was affected by the levels of
SDLL replacing CSC in the diets. Average liveweight gain increased with increase in the
level of SDLL replacing CSC in the diets up to 50% and then declined, there were no
difference between bulls on diets containing 25, 50 and 75% SDLL. The range was
between 0.570 and 0.873kg/day. Feed conversion efficiency was significantly (P<0.05)
affected by the level of SDLL replacing CSC in the diets while feed cost per gain decreased
linearly as the level of SDLL replacing CSC decreased in the diets. Crude protein
digestibility and nitrogen retention were significantly affected by the level of SDLL
replacing CSC in the diets. Dressing percentage of the bulls ranged from 49.49 to 50.57%,
the differences were not significant (P>0.05). Over all income over feed cost ranged
between N6228.00 and N1303.35. Bulls on diet in which 50% of the CSC was replaced by
SDLL had the highest (P<0.05) overall income over feed cost.
In the second experiment, twenty Bunaji bulls weighing between 200 and 250kg were used
to study the effect of replacing CSC with sun-dried broiler litter (SDBL) at 0,20,50,75 and
100% on feedlot performance of bulls fed bracharia hay as basal diet.
Intake of the concentrate containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% SDBL replacement were 3.98,
3.85, 3.84, 3.82 and 3.82kg/head/day respectively. The differences were not significant
(P>0.05). Intake of bracharia hay and total DM intakes were also not significantly (P>0.05)
affected by the levels of SDBL in the diets. Average daily liveweight gain decreased
linearly as the level of SDBL replacing CSC increased in the diets. There was no
significant difference between the liveweight gains of bulls on diets in which 0, 25 and
50% of the CSC was replaced by SDBL. Feed conversion efficiency decreased
significantly (P<0.05) as the levels of SDBL replacing CSC increased in the diets. There
were no differences between diets containing 0, 25 and 50% SDBL. Feed cost per gain was
lowest on diet which contains 50% SDBL replacement. Body condition score, rumen
ammonia nitrogen, PCV, total protein and blood urea nitrogen level taken at the end of the
trial were affected significantly (P<0.05) by the levels of SDBL replacing CSC in the diets.
Digestibilities of DM was highest in diet containing no SDBL and lowest for diet
containing 100% SDBL. There were no differences between the DM digestibility of diets
containing 0 and 25% SDBL. CP digestibility increased significantly (P<0.05) with
increased level of SDBL up to 50% level of replacement then declined. Nitrogen retention
increased significantly (P<0.05) as the levels of SDBL replacing CSC increased in the diets
up 25% SDBL replacement the declined. The amount of nitrogen retained on diets
containing 25 and 50% SDBL were similar. Dressing percentage of the bulls ranged
between 50.51 and 51.44%, the differences were not significant (P>0.05) between the
treatments. Overall income over feed cost ranged between N 5403.52 and N 2860.52, there
were no significant (P<0.05) differences in overall income over feed cost in bulls on diets
in which SDBL replaced 0, 25 and 50% of the CSC in the diets.
In the third experiment the effects of graded levels of maize offals and whole cotton seed on the
fattening performance of Bunaji bulls were studied using twenty bulls of liveweight ranging
between 200-250kg.
Intake of the concentrates, gamba hay and total DM increased (P<0.05) as the proportions of
WCS decreased in the diet. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences between diets
containing 20, 40 and 60% WCS. The total DMI of the concentrates containing 80, 60, 40 and
20% WCS was 5.18, 6.42, 6.70 and 6.82 kg/head/day. Crude protein intake ranged between
737.20 to 866.16g/head/day and was affected (P<0.05) by the levels of WCS in the diets.
Average daily liveweight gain of the bulls on diets containing 80, 60, 40 and 20% WCS were
0.470, 0.570, 0.789 and 0.631kg/head respectively. Bulls on the diets containing 40% WCS had
the highest (P<0.05) daily liveweight gain. Feed efficiency and feed cost per gain was also best
for bulls on diet the containing 40% WCS. Body condition score, PCV; blood urea nitrogen,
rumen ammonia nitrogen taken at the end of the trial were all affected (P<0.05) by the levels of
WCS in the diets. However, levels of WCS in the diets and sampling time had no effect on the
total protein and rumen pH. Dry matter and CP digestibility were similar (P>0.05) for diets
containing 20, 40 and 60% WCS. While digestibilities of CF, ether extract ADF, NDF and
organic matter were not affected by the levels of WCS in the diets. Nitrogen retention was
positive for all diets and was affected (P<0.05) by the level of WCS in the diets. Dressing
percentage ranged from 50.43 to 52.13% and income over feed cost ranged between N1012.36
and N4084.53. Bulls on diets containing 40% WCS gave the highest income over feed cost.
Description
Department of Animal Science
Ahmadu Bello University
Samaru- Zaria
Nigeria
Keywords
USE,, SOME,, NON-CONVENTIONAL,, PROTEIN,, SOURCES,, FATTENING,, CATTLE