PREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPECIES AMONG DIARRHOEIC HIV-PATIENTS IN SOME HOSPITALS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
PREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPECIES AMONG DIARRHOEIC HIV-PATIENTS IN SOME HOSPITALS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2019-04
Authors
OGBOMON, Ernest Osamudiamen
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Abstract
Campylobacter diarrhoea is regarded as the most common type of bacterial diarrhoea worldwide but the disease burden among diarrhoeic HIV-patients in Kaduna State, Nigeria had not been ascertained. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of Campylobacter species among diarrhoeic HIV-patients in some hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria and evaluates their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. A total of 230 faecal samples were collected and analysed for Campylobacter species using membrane filtration method, characterised based on morphological appearance and biochemical testing using standard methods. Positive isolates were further analysed by API Campy kits® (bioMèrieux, France) to identify the isolates to species level. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the IpxA gene, 23S rDNA and napA gene were used to confirm the isolates. The demographic and risks factors were evaluated respectively, using questionnaires. Susceptibility profiles of the species were carried out using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Out of the 230 faecal samples that were collected and cultured for Campylobacter, 45 samples were culture positive giving a prevalence of 19.6%. The Campylobacter species identified were C. jejuni, C. coli, C. fetus and C. hyointestinalis. Campylobacter coli were mostly isolated with isolation rate of 44.4%, followed by C. jejuni (33.3%), C. fetus (15.6%) and C. hyointestinalis (6.7%). All the isolates produced the expected bands ((757bp, 746bp, 656bp, 835bp) during the PCR confirmation. Age and Sex distribution of campylobacteriosis was established. The prevalence was higher among female (23.9%) than male (13.0%) and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.042). All the risk factors considered such as source of drinking water, consumption of raw milk, eating of under-cooked meat, contact with farm animals in the study were not found to be associated with the disease condition. All the Campylobacter species were highly susceptible to imipenem (100%) but showed varying sensitivity to gentamicin, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin but were resistant to erythromycin and the β-lactams (amoxicillin and oxacillin). In this study, all the isolates had Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) indices greater than 0.2 which is of public health importance.The prevalence of this bacterium among the study population is relatively high. Studies are needed to reassess the effect of Zidovudine with this high prevalence since the risk factors were not statistically significant in this study. The use of antibiotic as prophylaxis against human campylobacteriosis should be discouraged in the management of bacterial diarrhoea among the populace.
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A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc.) DEGREE IN MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
PREVALENCE,, MOLECULAR DETECTION,, CAMPYLOBACTER SPECIES,, DIARRHOEIC HIV-PATIENTS,, HOSPITALS IN KADUNA STATE,, NIGERIA,