BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND INCIDENCE OF SALMONELLA SPECIES FROM RAW AND FERMENTED MILK IN FIKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA YOBE STATE, NIGERIA
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND INCIDENCE OF SALMONELLA SPECIES FROM RAW AND FERMENTED MILK IN FIKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA YOBE STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2018-08
Authors
DAUDA, Ezra Babale
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Abstract
Salmonellosis is one of the most important food borne diseases worldwide, transmitted
through a wide range of animal products including milk and milk products. An
investigation was conducted to determine the bacteriological quality, prevalence and
antibiogram of Salmonella species from raw and fermented cow milk. A total of 344
samples were collected from three selected major markets and Fulani herdsmen
settlements in Fika local government area, comprising of 167 raw milk and 177
fermented milk samples respectively. The samples were analyzed for total aerobic plate
count (TAPC). Isolation and characterization of Salmonella was done using cultural,
conventional biochemical tests and Microbact 24E, after which antibiotic susceptibility
of each isolate was determined by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Salmonella
isolates were screened for invA virulence gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
The TAPC of both raw and fermented milk ranged between 5.1 log10 CFU/ml to 7.4 log
10 CFU/ml, with mean and standard deviation of 5.82±2.06 log 10 CFU/ml and 6.62±1.10
log 10 CFU/ml respectively. Overall Salmonella prevalence of 1.7% was obtained from
the samples; of which higher prevalence of 2.3% was obtained from raw milk samples
while fermented milk had 1.1%. All of the isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin and
Gentamycin (100%) while none of the isolates was susceptible to Amoxycillin
Clavulinic acid, Cefotaxime, ticarcillin and Chloramphenicol. Salmonella isolates were
also susceptible to Imipenem (83.4%), Ciprofloxacin (83.4) and Sulfamethoxazole
(50%). All the isolates of Salmonella exhibited varying resistance pattern, they were
resistant to at least five antimicrobial agents tested, while one isolate was resistant to
nine antimicrobial agents. Three isolates (two from raw milk and one from fermented
milk) were positive for invA gene. The study has established high Total Aerobic Plate
Counts with minimum counts exceeding the acceptable limit of 5.7 Log10
CFU/ml and
the occurrence of multidrug resistant Salmonella species in fresh and fermented milk
samples. Therefore, adequate hygiene should be maintained at milking points and
markets.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE
STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
MASTERS DEGREE IN VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, AHMADU BELLO
UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
Keywords
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY,, INCIDENCE,, SALMONELLA SPECIES,, RAW,, FERMENTED MILK,, FIKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA YOBE STATE,, NIGERIA