ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF Mycobacterium bovis IN CATTLE SLAUGHTERED IN MAKURDI AND OTUKPO ABATTOIRS, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF Mycobacterium bovis IN CATTLE SLAUGHTERED IN MAKURDI AND OTUKPO ABATTOIRS, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2014-06
Authors
EJEH, Francis Enenche
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Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a disease of high economic relevance within the context
of livestock farming as it directly affects animal productivity and also influences
international trade in animal products. The aim of this study was to determine the
species of Mycobacterium isolated from cattle carcasses in Makurdi and Otukpo
abattoirs. A total of 63 cattle suspected of BTB were sampled from a total of 587 cattle
inspected at the abattoirs. Samples were processed and Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy were
carried out based on recommended procedure. Processed tubercle lesions were cultured
on Lowenstein-Jensen media with or without pyruvate and incubated for 8 to 12 weeks
at 37°C. Region of difference (RD) typing of isolates was carried out as recommended.
Out of a total of 587 cattle samples that were examined, 63 (10.7%) had BTB lesions,
47 (74.0%) were positive for acid-fast bacilli. Lynph nodes and lungs were more
affected than other organs. Samples from liver, spleen, kidney, heart and pleural
surface gave 100% growth on Lowenstein-Jensen slant while lymph nodes and lungs
gave 68.2% and 81.3% growth respectively. More growth were seen on media
containing pyruvate than glycerol. RD typing of 40 isolates identified the presence of
36 RD1, and absence of 36 RD4, 36 RD9 and 33 RD 12. Therefore, 36 (90.0%) of the
isolates were identify as M. bovis, while the other isolates were identified as nontuberculous
mycobacteria (NTM). The annual prevalence of bovnie tuberculosis in
cattle slaughtered in Markudi abattoirs from 2008 to 2012 was 1.9%. A prevalence of
2.9% was recorded in Otukpo abattoir from 2010 to 2012. The overal prevalence of
BTB in Makurdi and Otukpo abattoirs was 2.6%. There was statistical difference
between prevalence of tubercle lesions and year. A total of 1935 (3046.50Kg), valued
at N2.91 ×106 ($1.82×104) of edible organs were condemned from 2008 to 2012. There
was significant difference between direct economic loss in edible organs condemned in
2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 (P < 0.05). During dry season, 1151 (59.48%) edible organs
weighed 1797.50Kg and valued at N1.72 ×106 ($1.07×104) while during the raining
season, 784 (40.52%), 1249.00Kg valued at N1.19×106 ($7483.80) were condemned.
There was significant differences in direct economic losses between edible organs
condemned during raining season and dry season (Mann - Whitney U statistics = 7.74
×103, P = 0.034). Organs condemned were lungs, liver, heart, spleen and kidney.
Bovine tuberculosis is prevalent in Benue State and accounts for a loss of over 2.9
million Naira from 2008 – 2012 in Makurdi alone. The causative agent of bovine
tuberculosis (BTB) in cattle slaughtered in Makurdi and Otukpo was predominantly M.
bovis, it is zoonotic and is capable of causing clinical diseases in humans in Benue
State.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE
STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY
MICROBIOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA.
JUNE, 2014
Keywords
ISOLATION,, MOLECULAR,, IDENTIFICATION,, Mycobacterium,, bovis,, CATTLE,, SLAUGHTERED,, MAKURDI,, OTUKPO,, ABATTOIRS,, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA