ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF Mycobacterium bovis IN CATTLE SLAUGHTERED IN MAKURDI AND OTUKPO ABATTOIRS, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA

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Date
2014-06
Authors
EJEH, Francis Enenche
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Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a disease of high economic relevance within the context of livestock farming as it directly affects animal productivity and also influences international trade in animal products. The aim of this study was to determine the species of Mycobacterium isolated from cattle carcasses in Makurdi and Otukpo abattoirs. A total of 63 cattle suspected of BTB were sampled from a total of 587 cattle inspected at the abattoirs. Samples were processed and Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy were carried out based on recommended procedure. Processed tubercle lesions were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen media with or without pyruvate and incubated for 8 to 12 weeks at 37°C. Region of difference (RD) typing of isolates was carried out as recommended. Out of a total of 587 cattle samples that were examined, 63 (10.7%) had BTB lesions, 47 (74.0%) were positive for acid-fast bacilli. Lynph nodes and lungs were more affected than other organs. Samples from liver, spleen, kidney, heart and pleural surface gave 100% growth on Lowenstein-Jensen slant while lymph nodes and lungs gave 68.2% and 81.3% growth respectively. More growth were seen on media containing pyruvate than glycerol. RD typing of 40 isolates identified the presence of 36 RD1, and absence of 36 RD4, 36 RD9 and 33 RD 12. Therefore, 36 (90.0%) of the isolates were identify as M. bovis, while the other isolates were identified as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). The annual prevalence of bovnie tuberculosis in cattle slaughtered in Markudi abattoirs from 2008 to 2012 was 1.9%. A prevalence of 2.9% was recorded in Otukpo abattoir from 2010 to 2012. The overal prevalence of BTB in Makurdi and Otukpo abattoirs was 2.6%. There was statistical difference between prevalence of tubercle lesions and year. A total of 1935 (3046.50Kg), valued at N2.91 ×106 ($1.82×104) of edible organs were condemned from 2008 to 2012. There was significant difference between direct economic loss in edible organs condemned in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 (P < 0.05). During dry season, 1151 (59.48%) edible organs weighed 1797.50Kg and valued at N1.72 ×106 ($1.07×104) while during the raining season, 784 (40.52%), 1249.00Kg valued at N1.19×106 ($7483.80) were condemned. There was significant differences in direct economic losses between edible organs condemned during raining season and dry season (Mann - Whitney U statistics = 7.74 ×103, P = 0.034). Organs condemned were lungs, liver, heart, spleen and kidney. Bovine tuberculosis is prevalent in Benue State and accounts for a loss of over 2.9 million Naira from 2008 – 2012 in Makurdi alone. The causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in cattle slaughtered in Makurdi and Otukpo was predominantly M. bovis, it is zoonotic and is capable of causing clinical diseases in humans in Benue State.
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A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA. JUNE, 2014
Keywords
ISOLATION,, MOLECULAR,, IDENTIFICATION,, Mycobacterium,, bovis,, CATTLE,, SLAUGHTERED,, MAKURDI,, OTUKPO,, ABATTOIRS,, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
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