SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF TSETSE FLIES (GLOSSINA SPECIES) IN KAMUKU NATIONAL PARK, BIRNIN GWARI, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF TSETSE FLIES (GLOSSINA SPECIES) IN KAMUKU NATIONAL PARK, BIRNIN GWARI, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2009-01
Authors
OKOH, KEHINDE EVELYN
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Abstract
A study of the species composition and distribution of tsetse flies was conducted
between January to December, 2007 at Kamuku National Park, Birnin Gwari Local
Government Area, Kaduna State, using Biconical (Charlier and Laviessiere, 1973) and
Nitse traps (Omoogun, 1994). Four traps each were placed for two days along five
streams (i.e.Dagara, Kabungu Bungu, Kango Kabungu, Kuzomani and Kurishi) and the
trap catches were harvested every day. Five hundred and two tsetse flies caught during
the study period, differ significantly between streams. Dagara, Kabungu Bungu, Kango
Kabungu, Kuzomani and Kurishi streams had 166 (33.1%), 33 (6.6%), 45 (9%), 41
(8.2%) and 217 (43.2%) flies respectively. Glossina tachinoides and Glossina palpalis
were trapped in the area with one species Glossina morsitans submorsitans encountered
during the preliminary studies only. Overall, Glossina tachinoides 309 (61.6%)
dominated over Glossina palpalis 193 (38.4%), and in Kurishi, (98.2%), Kango
Kabungu (97.8%) and Kabungu Bungu (93.9%) streams, while Glossina palpalis
catches were more in Dagara (97%) and Kuzomani (61%) streams. Male tsetse flies
were significantly higher than females (ratio 2:1), more teneral flies were caught than
non-teneral. Tsetse catches were not significantly higher in the dry season than wet
season and correlated positively with temperature and negatively with relative
humidity. Overall apparent density of 0.1 fly per trap per day obtained in the study and
for each species suggest a low density area; 0.2 fly per trap per day were obtained for
both season. February had the highest fly density 3.0 while July had the least 0.2. The
estimated age of male population was 11 days while females under ovarian category O
with an approximate age of 0-10 days dominated. The Mean Hunger Stage (MHS) of
3.6 and 3.5 for Glossina palpalis and Glossina tachinoides, respectively, indicated
hungry populations. Insemination rate (93.8%) was high whereas parity rate (25.8%)
was low. Overall infection rate of 6.6% was high and infection due to T. vivax (5.2%)
dominated followed by T. congolense (0.9%) while T. brucei (0.5%) was lowest.
Infection rates were higher in Glossina tachinoides (9.4%) than Glossina palpalis
(3.1%). The study has shown that Glossina morsitans submorsitans probably declined
as a result of seasonal, vegetation and food factors; also that the high fly density
observed in February is a significant month to carry out control. The presence of
trypanosome infection in the park may constitute a public health risk to nomadic cattle
and ecotourism in the park.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF M.Sc IN ZOOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
JANUARY, 2009
Keywords
SPECIES,, COMPOSITION,, DISTRIBUTION,, TSETSE,, (GLOSSINA SPECIES),, KAMUKU,, NATIONAL,, PARK,, BIRNIN GWARI,, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA