AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF n-BUTANOL FRACTION OF METHANOL EXTRACTOF FICUS GLUMOSA LEAVES AGAINST CCl4-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALBINO RATS
AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF n-BUTANOL FRACTION OF METHANOL EXTRACTOF FICUS GLUMOSA LEAVES AGAINST CCl4-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALBINO RATS
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Date
2016-11
Authors
Sunday, Michael
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Abstract
Essential organ like liver that plays crucial roles in transforming and clearing chemical agents ingested into the body needs to be investigated for wide spectrum of protective and ameliorative therapeutic agents that are readily available and affordable. In this study, crude methanol extract of Ficus glumosa leaves was fractionated using solvent-to-solvent partition method in order to assess the ameliorative property of the fraction with the most active antioxidant potency against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. The n-butanol fraction was then selected for the treatment of liver injury induced by CCl4inalbino rats based on the preliminary phytochemical and free radical scavenging activity assessment. Rats were induced once weekly with CCl4and treated with three different graded doses (100 mg/kg/bw, 300 mg/kg/bw and 500 mg/kg/bw) of n-butanol fraction extract of Ficus glumosa leaves and 100 mg/kg/bw silymarin for 21 days. The crude methanol extract of Ficus glumosa leaves showed presence of flavonoids, saponnins, tannins, and alkaloids. On the other hand, n-butanol fraction showed higher concentrations of total phenol and flavonoids [9.76±0.63 (mg/100g) Gallic Acid Equivalent and 5.27±0.23 (mg/100g) Quercetin Equivalent respectively] as compared to aqueous, n-hexane and ethylacetate fractions, while the aqueous residue presented the highest concentration of ascorbic acid (0.387±0.08 mg/ml) expressed in terms of L-Ascorbic Acid Equivalent. However,the n-butanol fraction exhibited the lowest IC50 value of 0.41±0.07 mg/ml,while the IC50 values of aqueous residue, ethylacetate and n-hexane fraction were in the order of (0.71±0.05 mg/ml) < (0.93±0.13 mg/ml) < (2.77±0.49 mg/ml) respectively. Meanwhile the Median Lethal Dose (LD50) of n-butanol fraction as determined was >5000 mg/kg body weight.Consequently, the n-butanol fraction significantly (P<0.05) reduced liver marker enzymes [Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], bilirubin, malondialdehyde (MDA) with concomitant increase in serum proteins, albumin, catalase, (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in a dose dependent manner in treated animals as compared to the untreated rats. Likewise, the n-butanol fraction significantly (P<0.05) decreased the elevated levels of creatinine, urea, electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl+) and restored the deplorable antioxidant status in the kidney in a dose dependent manner as compared to the untreated rats. Furthermore, there was a significant (P<0.05) reduction of the total cholesterol and white blood cell (WBC) with corresponding increase in high density lipoprotein (HDLc), packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) levels in rats treated with n-butanol fraction comparable to the effect of silymarin standard drug. The results may suggest that n-butanol fraction of methanol extract of Ficus glumosa leaves could possibly ameliorate oxidative damage induced by CCl4 in both liver and kidney.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE DEGREE (M.Sc.) IN BIOCHEMISTRY
Keywords
AMELIORATIVE,, n-BUTANOL FRACTION,, OF METHANOL, EXTRACT, FICUS GLUMOSA LEAVES,, CCl4-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY,, OXIDATIVE STRESS, ALBINO RATS