EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENTS AND TOXICOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF AMARANTHUS CAUDATUS AND AMARANTHUS CRUENTUS
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENTS AND TOXICOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF AMARANTHUS CAUDATUS AND AMARANTHUS CRUENTUS
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Date
2017-06
Authors
JERRY, CHECHET KAHU
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Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of different types organic fertilizers on growth performance, nutrient and toxicological composition of two varieties of amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus (Samaru local variety) and Amaranthus cruentus (NH84/452)).The study consists of seven treatments which includes control (no fertilizer), poultry manure of 5 tons/ha and 10 tons/ha, sewage sludge of 5 tons/ha and 10 tons/ha, NPK compound fertilizer of 35 kg/ha and 70 kg/ha; with two varieties of amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus (Samaru local variety) and Amaranthus cruentus (NH84/452)) in factorial arrangement fitted into a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Growth performance data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and leaf area index from 2 weeks after transplanting (WAT) to 6 weeks after transplanting (WAT) using measuring tape and ruler. At 6WAT, poultry manure of 10 tons/ha recorded the highest value for all the growth parameters for both varieties except for leaf length, leaf width and leaf area of Amaranthus caudatus (Samaru local variety), where 10 tons/ha sewage sludge and 70kg/ha NPK compound fertilizer were highest. All the treatments showed increased effect on proximate composition (ash, moisture, fat, crude protein, crude fibre, available carbohydrate and energy) for the two varieties but there was no significant (p<0.05) difference except for protein which was significantly (p<0.05) highest at 9.67 ± 0.16% for the 70kg/ha NPK compound fertilizer in Amaranthus caudatus (Samaru local variety), proximate composition was determined according to A.O.A.C. (1999). Water soluble vitamins were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) while the metals were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) For Amaranthus caudatus (Samaru local variety). β-carotene, zinc, riboflavin, iron, niacin and vitamin C levels were highest for 10 tons/ha sewage sludge, poultry manure of 10 tons/ha, NPK compound fertilizer of 70 kg/ha, poultry manure of 10 tons/ha, NPK compound fertilizer of 70 kg/ha, and 10 tons
poultry manure respectively while for Amaranthus cruentus (NH84/452), β-carotene, zinc, niacin, iron, vitamin C and riboflavin were highest for 10 tons/ha sewage sludge, poultry manure of 10 tons/ha, 70kg/ha NPK compound fertilizer, sewage sludge of 10 tons/ha, NPK compound fertilizer of 70kg/ha and 10 tons/ha sewage sludge respectively. The 10 tons/ha poultry manure gave the highest value of tannins for both varieties but there was no significant (p<0.05) difference among the treatments. The 70 kg/ha NPK compound fertilizer recorded the highest level of phytate while the 10 tons/ha sewage sludge had the highest level of saponins, oxalate, and lead for both varieties of amaranth. Total aflatoxins and cadmium were not detected in any of the treatments including the control. The experimental results of this study have shown that poultry manure had higher growth performance and nutrients on the two varieties of Amaranth when compared with sewage sludge and NPK compound fertilizer, while sewage sludge resulted in the plants having higher anti-nutrients and heavy metals. The application of poultry manures at 10 tons/ha is therefore recommended for farmers to use to obtain higher yields of Amaranth
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, AHMADUBELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NUTRITION DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY, FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
EFFECTS,, DIFFERENT TYPES,, ORGANIC FERTILIZERS,, GROWTH PERFORMANCE,, NUTRIENTS,, TOXICOLOGICAL COMPOSITION,, AMARANTHUS CAUDATUS,, AMARANTHUS CRUENTUS