DANIELLIA PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE ROOT OF OLIVERI (ROLFE) HUTCH. & DALZ. (CAESALPINIACEAE)
DANIELLIA PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE ROOT OF OLIVERI (ROLFE) HUTCH. & DALZ. (CAESALPINIACEAE)
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2009-07
Authors
MUSA OIZA, AISHA
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Daniellia oliveri is one of the most extensively utilized medicinal plants; it is a tree all of
whose parts are used in Nigeria and some West African countries for the treatment of
various ailments example the root is used as chewing stick. In the bid to standardize this
plant, pharmacognostic and biological (anti-Candida) studies were carried out on its root
and root bark. The anatomical and powdered samples of the root and root bark of D.
oliveri were investigated for their microscopical profiles. The results indicated the
presence of xylem and phloem tissues, parenchyma cells, cork cells, prisms of calcium
oxalate crystals, abundant starch grains and secretory ducts. Phytochemical screening of
the methanol extract and its fractions (ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions)
revealed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids
and tannins. The solvent system chloroform: methanol (7:3v/v) and n – butanol: acetic
acid: water (2:1:2v/v) were found to be the best solvent systems for the separation of the
constituents of the crude methanol extract and the different fractions using thin layer
chromatography. Physico-chemical constants of the powdered root bark were determined;
as 21.25+ 1.0 (total ash value), 21.75 + 1.0 (acid insoluble ash value), 11 + 1.0 (water
soluble extractive value), 15.33+ 2.4 (alcohol soluble extractive value) and 7 + 1.0
(moisture content). The total phenolic content of the root bark extracts of D. oliveri were
also determined; as 57±4.55mgg-l (Crude methanol extract), 59.33±6.65mgg-l
(ethylacetate fraction), 60±5.72mgg-l (n-butanol fraction), 17±0.00mgg-l (aqueous
fraction) and 12±2.94mgg-l (Crude water extract). The methanol extract showed an LD50
of 565.69mgkg-l i.p in rats. The crude methanol extract is fungicidal with minimal
inhibitory concentration of 1.5675mgml-l and minimal fungicidal concentration of 50 and
12.5 mgml-l. The aqueous fraction from the methanol extract is fungistatic with minimal
inhibitory concentration of 150mgml-l while the crude water extract, ethyl acetate and nbutanol
fractions of the root bark of D. oliveri showed no anti Candida activity. The
results obtained from this research can be used for the preparation of a monograph for
proper identification of this plant.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, AHMADU
BELLO UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PHARMACOGNOSY
THE DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT,
AHAMDU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
NIGERIA
JULY, 2009
Keywords
DANIELLIA,, PHARMACOGNOSTIC,, BIOLOGICAL STUDIES, OLIVERI (ROLFE), CAESALPINIACEAE