ANALYSIS OF THE CRUDE EXTRACTS OF JATROPHA CURCAS FOR PHYTOCHEMICALS AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES AGAINSTCLINICAL BACTERIAL ISOLATES
ANALYSIS OF THE CRUDE EXTRACTS OF JATROPHA CURCAS FOR PHYTOCHEMICALS AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES AGAINSTCLINICAL BACTERIAL ISOLATES
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Date
2016-08
Authors
IBRAHIM, Zainab Ya'u
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Abstract
This study investigated the use of Jatropha curcas as a medicinal plant used in treating many microbial infections. The lack of scientific standardization for the use of some herbal preparations, as well as possible therapeutic alternatives againstantibiotic resistant bacterial infections indicates a strong need for continuous effort to validate the use of plant material as alternative theraphy regimens with similar or higher antibiotic beneficial properties. The present study describes the phytochemical activities and antibiotic properties of Jatrophacurcasextracts and fractions against clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Bacillus spp. The phytochemical analysis was carried out on aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stem bark, root bark and leaves of the plant using standard methods. The antibacterial potency was initially determined by the agar well diffusion method for both crude extracts and fractions of jatropha curcasfollowed by quantitative evaluation of antibacterial activity by Minimum inhibitory concentration and Maximum bactericidal concentration. The probable chemical compounds present in the plant fractions were identified using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer analysis. Carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids and tannins, cardiac glycosides, triterpenes, alkaloids were observed to be present. Root extract of Jatropha curcas was observed to be more effective than the stem bark and leave extracts due to its ability to inhibit all the test bacteria. It recorded the highest antibacterial activity with mean inhibition zone diameter ranging from 2.67±0.00-15.33±0.00 mm against S. aureus with ethanolic root and 1.4±0.00-14.7±0.00 mmwith aqueous root.The aqueous root extract also recorded mean inhibition zone diameter ranging from 10.0±0.00-17.5±000 mm against Bacillus spp and 6.50±0.00-10.0 mm with ethanolic root. A mean inhibition diameter also ranging from 0.00-6.00±0.00 mm with ethanolic root and 0.00-6.50±0.00 mm with aqueous root were also recorded againstP. aeruginosaand root ethanol hexane recorded the highest activity with fractions on S. aureus isolate with mean inhibition zone of 31.7 mm ± 0.1 followed by fraction of ethanolic root ethyl acetate with mean inhibition zone of 26.8 mm± 0.1 with the lowest from root ethanol aqueous fraction with 1.56 mm± 0.1 at a concentration of 100 mg/ml respectively.The highest antibacterial activity of the fractions for Bacillus spp was recorded with root ethanol hexane fraction
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which had a mean inhibition zone of 39.5 mm ±0.1 and the lowest mean inhibition zone of 13.5 mm ±0.1 was recorded for root ethanol aqueous fraction both at a concentration of 100mg/ml. Acetic acid, linoleic acid ethyl ester, oleic acid methyl ester, 1,3-propanediol, furan-2-ethyl tetrahydro-5-methoxy-2-methyl, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, phytol, decanoic acid methyl ester, cic-Z-alpha bisabolene epoxide, octane 2,3,4 trineth, butanedial, di-2-ethylhexyl chlorofornate, phenol, propane 1,1,3 triethoxy, pentafluoropropionic acid dodecyl ester, 2-napthalenemethanol, E-11-tetradecanol,trimethylsilyl etherwere identified chemical compounds with most antibacterial activities. This study has proven the effectiveness and efficacy of Jatropha curcas in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Bacillusspp pathogenic bacteria of clinical origin.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTER DEGREE IN MICROBIOLOGY. DEPARMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
Keywords
ANALYSIS,, CRUDE EXTRACTS,, JATROPHA CURCAS,, PHYTOCHEMICALS,, THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES AGAINSTCLINICAL BACTERIAL ISOLATES,