ANALYSIS OF SOME ESSENTIAL MINERAL ELEMENTS AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF SELECTED COMMERCIAL BABY FOODS AND RECONSTITUTED FRUIT JUICES
ANALYSIS OF SOME ESSENTIAL MINERAL ELEMENTS AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF SELECTED COMMERCIAL BABY FOODS AND RECONSTITUTED FRUIT JUICES
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Date
2016-04
Authors
IDRIS, Asifau
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Abstract
This research reports the concentrations of essential elements in commercial baby foods and reconstituted fruit juices obtained from Kaduna and Abuja, Nigeria.The concentrations of mineral elements except calcium were determined using a direct reading spectrophotometer while calcium concentration was determined using titrimetric analysis. The values for proximate analysis carried out on six (6)selected classes of commercial baby food samples showed that the moisture content ranged from 1.39 to 3.19%; Ash contentranged from1.04% to 3.15%. Crude protein ranged from 5.25% to 8.75% whereas crude fibrevaried from 0.97% to 4.73%. The crude fat/lipid of the samples ranged from 3.40% to 5.90%. Carbohydrate content ranged from 81.51% to 86.65%..The highest mean value for the concentration of fluoride in the reconstituted fruit juices samples was 0.0030mg/Lwhile the lowest fluoride concentration was 0.0003mg/L.Fluoride concentration inthe baby food samples ranged from 0.0004mg/kg to 0.0033m/kg. However,fluoride was not detected in four samples of the reconstituted fruit juice and three baby food samples. The concentration of potassium determined in the fruit juice samples ranged from 10.33mg/L to 450.04mg/L,while potassium inthe baby foods samples ranged from579.25mg/kg to 4250.00mg/kg. The concentration of calcium in the fruit juice samples ranged from 124.42mg/L to 442.50mg/L. The baby foods samples had calcium concentrations in the range of5445.92mg/kg to 5368.85mg/kg. Magnesium concentration in the fruit juice samples ranged from78.70mg/L to 141.56mg/L. However, its concentration in the baby
foodsamples were higher, ranging from566.08mg/kg to 1150.73mg/kg. The concentration of phosphorus in the fruit juice samples ranged from 272.73mg/L to 795.46mg/L. A higher
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concentration of phosphorus was present in baby food samples rangingfrom 2301mg/kg to 9943.46mg/kg. The concentration of iron in the baby food and reconstituted fruit juice samples were low compared to the concentrations of other mineral elements.Iron in the fruit juice samples ranged from3.09mg/L to 34.50mg/L and from 31.25mg/kg to 549.11mg/kg in the baby food. The concentration of zinc was also low in baby food samples, ranging from 2.87mg/kg to 171.49 mg/kg. Zinc was not detected in all the fruit juices and baby foods except in one sample of the reconstituted juice.Positive significant correlations were obtained between F- and Zn (0.770**), NO3- and Mg (0.744**); between K and Ca(0.605*), Mg(0.474*), P(0.548*), Fe(0.580*) in the selected reconstituted fruit juice samples. Positive significant correlations were obtained between pH and NO3(0.502*) at (95%) confidence level where as negative correlations were obtained between Cl and P (-0.615*) and between Mg and Fe (-0.675**) respectively in the baby food samples. Theconcentrations of the studied elements were within safe limits recommended by National Institute of Health and the Institute of Medicine, for foods. Therefore, the commercial baby foods produced from mixed cereals have higher concentration of calcium, potassium and iron.
Description
A DISSERTATIONSUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTEROF SCIENCE DEGREE IN ANALYTICAL CHHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA
Keywords
ANALYSIS,, ESSENTIAL MINERAL ELEMENTS,, PROXIMATE COMPOSITION,, COMMERCIAL BABY FOODS,, RECONSTITUTED FRUIT JUICES,