HEPATOCURATIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF ETHYLACETATE AND N-BUTANOL FRACTIONS OF Detarium microcarpum STEM BARK IN CCl4 INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN WISTAR RATS
HEPATOCURATIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF ETHYLACETATE AND N-BUTANOL FRACTIONS OF Detarium microcarpum STEM BARK IN CCl4 INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN WISTAR RATS
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Date
2015-05
Authors
GANA, THERESA YEBO
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Abstract
The stem bark of Detarium microcarpum (Guill and Perr.) is used in traditional
medicine for the treatment of liver disease in middle belt region of Nigeria. To
substantiate this folkloric claim, ethyl-acetate and n-butanol fractions of Detarium
microcarpum stem bark was investigated for its hepatocurative and antioxidant effect in
CCl4 induced liver damage in rats. Aqueous extraction was carried out on Detarium
microcarpum stem bark and the crude extract was further fractionated sequentially using
ethyl-acetate and n-butanol solvents. In the in-vitro studies, phytochemical screening of
the crude extract showed the presence of phenolic, flavonoids, tannins, saponins,
alkaloids and glycosides while total phenolic content assay, total flavonoid content
assay, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Reducing power and H2O2 free radical
scavenging activities were carried out on ethyl-acetate and n-butanol fractions. The total
phenol content for n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions were 2.97±0.31 and 11.54±0.20
mg/g Gallic acid equivalents while total flavonoid content were 234.42±0.71 and
45.76±2.59 mg/g quercetin equivalents. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest DPPH
free radical scavenging activity with 65.31% inhibition while n-butanol showed the
highest reducing power and H2O2 free radical scavenging activities with 65.31% and
52.55% which informed the choice of n-butanol fraction for further studies. In the invivo
studies, the LD50 of n-butanol fraction of Detarium microcarpum stem bark was
>5000 mg/kg body weight of rats. CCl4 (1ml/kg body weight) as a 1:1(v/v) solution in
olive oil was used to induce liver damage followed by subsequent treatment with nbutanol
fraction of Detarium microcarpum stem bark at three different doses (100, 150
and 200 mg/kg bw/day) while silymarin (100 mg/kg bw/day) was used as standard drug
for 28 days. The liver weight was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the negative
control group when compared with the CCl4 treated groups. There was significant (p<0.05) reduction in the serum activities of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT),
aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct and indirect
bilirubin for CCl4 treated groups compared to the negative control group. Total protein
(TP) and albumin (ALB) in the negative control group were reduced but not
significantly (p>0.05) compared to the CCl4 treated groups. In endogenous antioxidant
activities, there was significant (p<0.05) reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) in CCl4
treated groups compared to the negative control group. A significant (p<0.05) increase
was also observed in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of CCl4
treated groups compared to the negative control group. These results may suggest
hepatocurative and antioxidant effects of Detarium microcarpum stem bark in CCl4
induced liver damaged animals.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD
OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN BIOCHEMISTRY.
DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
NIGERIA.
Keywords
HEPATOCURATIVE,, ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT,, ETHYL - ACETATE,, N-BUTANOL FRACTIONS,, Detarium microcarpum,, STEM BARK,, CCl4 INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE,, WISTAR RATS,