EFFECTS OF FAST NEUTRON, ETHYL METHANE SULPHONATE, NITROUS ACID AND SODIUM AZIDE ON THEAGROMORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF FOXTAIL MILLET (SETARIA ITALICA [L.] P. BEAUV.)
EFFECTS OF FAST NEUTRON, ETHYL METHANE SULPHONATE, NITROUS ACID AND SODIUM AZIDE ON THEAGROMORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF FOXTAIL MILLET (SETARIA ITALICA [L.] P. BEAUV.)
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Date
2016-12
Authors
ESSON, Akolo Elijah
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Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effects of fast neutron, ethyl methane sulphonate, and nitrous acid and sodium azide foxtail millet on the agronomic traits at different concentrations. Seeds of foxtail millet were obtained from Institutefor Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zariaand treated with different doses/concentrations of Fast Neutron, EMS, Nitrous Acid and Sodium Azide and untreated seeds (control). The treated seeds were sown in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) to raise the M1generation which were advance to M2generation and the following data were collected; germination percentage, plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight, dry weight, days to 50% flowering, panicle length, panicle weight and 1000 seeds weight. Data obtained were analyzed using SAS version 9.1 Variations were observed in the M1that showed significant difference (P≤0.05) in plant height, leaf length, leaf weight, and panicle length where control performed better in most characters for fast neutrons. The results of M2generation of fast neutrons treatment showed increase in plant height (33.08cm to 46.65cm), leaf length (16.66cm to 18.47cm), leaf width (1.38cm to 1.68cm), panicle length (5.42cm to 6.70cm), panicle weight (1.61g to 2.51g) and 1000seed weight (2.86g to 3.55g). EMS treatment at M1generation recorded significant (P≤0.05) variation for percentage germination (95%), leaf length (34.87cm), leaf width (1.50cm), fresh weight (2.60g), dry weight(1.73g), days to fifty percent flowering (34 days), panicle length (5.67cm) and panicle width (1.35g) with 0.4% EMS showing highest mean values for most traits. EMS treatment of M2 generation had high values at 0.1% for plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, panicle length, panicle weight and 1000 seed weight. Nitrous acid showed variation for plant height, number leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, days to 50% flowering, panicle length and panicle weight with 0.1% and 0.4% best for yield parameters. Sodium azide showed significant difference decrease (P≤0.05) in germination percentage (47.50%), plant
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height (26.40cm), leaf length (10.04cm) compared to the controlat M1generation. Results from M2 generation showed significant variation (P≤0.05) for germination percentage, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, dry weight, panicle length, panicle weight and 1000 seed with highest mostly at par with the control except panicle weight (1.5g to 22.24g) and 1000 seed weight (2.81g to 3.59g) showing increase. Heritability values were high (greater than 60%) for most traits studied for all mutagens. Mutagenic frequency, effectiveness and efficiency were highest for EMS at 0.1% concentration (Mutagenic frequency 7.50% effectiveness 18.75% efficiency 7.50%) and sodium azide at 0.2% concentration (Mutagenic frequency 7.00%, effectiveness 1.84% and efficiency 1%). EMS was found to be more effective and efficient in inducing mutation in foxtail millet than sodium azide. Increased genetic variability and highheritability foragronomic traits of foxtail millet treatment with fast neutron, EMS, and nitrous acid and sodium azideprovides great scope for further selectionin breeding programme for foxtail millet, while mutants withlow biological damages and high mutation frequency can be developed at low concentration of EMS and sodium azide.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN BOTANY
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
NIGERIA
Keywords
EFFECTS,, FAST NEUTRON,, ETHYL METHANE SULPHONATE,, NITROUS ACID,, SODIUM AZIDE,, AGROMORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS,, FOXTAIL MILLET,, (SETARIA ITALICA [L.] P. BEAUV.),