EFFECTS OF SOME COMMERCIAL DISINFECTANTS ON AEROBIC BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH DEAD-INSHELL CHICKEN EMBRYOS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
EFFECTS OF SOME COMMERCIAL DISINFECTANTS ON AEROBIC BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH DEAD-INSHELL CHICKEN EMBRYOS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2007-03
Authors
MAMMAN, Paul Habila
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Abstract
The demand for poultry products in Nigeria is on the increase. Losses in the chicken
„factory‟ (hatchery) are associated with embryonic mortality which in turn may result
from non-specific bacterial infections of incubated eggs. This study was therefore set out
to investigate the likely bacteria that may be responsible for these losses in commercial
hatcheries in Kaduna State, Nigeria with the aim of suggesting possible control measures.
Six hundred (600) dead-in-shell chicken embryos from these hatcheries were sampled
and cultured individually following recommended laboratory procedures for culture,
isolation and identification of bacteria. From these samples, 62 (54.9 %) isolates of
Escherichia coli and 21 (18.6 %) isolates of Proteus spp were recovered. Other isolates
were Pseudomonas spp 6 (5.3 %), Staphylococcus aureus 11 (9.7 %), Staphylococcus spp
8 (7.1 %) and Micrococcus spp 5 (4.4 %). The various hatcheries investigated recorded 8-
30 % losses of eggs at each completed incubation process and this was mainly as a result
of death of the embryos in the shells. A high incidence of pathogenic strains of bacteria
from these dead-in-shell chicken embryos was observed. This is suggestive of the fact
that these isolates may have contributed to the embryonic mortality and reduced
hatchability recorded in the farms investigated. On these isolates, the minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and kill-time of two
commonly used and one relatively new disinfectants were determined. The two
commonly used disinfectants were Purit® and Z-germicide®; the new one was carcil®.
The results revealed that purit® was most effective against E. coli since it required the
lowest concentration of 0.00026% for 1 minute to kill the bacteria. Z-germicide® was
found to be effective at 0.00063% for 5 minutes and carcil® required 0.0031% for 10
seconds. Purit® was also found to be the most effective of the three disinfectants on
Pseudomonas spp but Z-germicide® showed the best results on Proteus spp.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIRMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY
PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE,
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
EFFECTS,, COMMERCIAL DISINFECTANTS,, AEROBIC BACTERIA ASSOCIATED,, DEAD-IN INSHELL CHICKEN EMBRYOS,, KADUNA STATE,, NIGERIA.