QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF INHALABLE PARTICULATE MATTER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM QUARRY ACTIVITIES

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dc.contributor.authorOKUNADE, IBRAHIM OLUSOLA
dc.date.accessioned2014-02-10T10:04:14Z
dc.date.available2014-02-10T10:04:14Z
dc.date.issued2000-08
dc.descriptionA thesis submitted to the Postgraduate School of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. AUGUST, 2000en_US
dc.description.abstractQuantitative assessment of pollution from the quarry industry was based on sampling and analysis of PM10 component of the particulate matter released into the atmosphere during rock crushing activities at the Quarry industry. The investigation was restricted to PM10 particulate matter because of their ability to be transported over long distances and their lung penetration and deposition characteristics. Thus a low volume air sampler was modified and converted to a i stacked filter unit (SFU) aerosol sampler capable of collecting PM10 particulate matter and further fractionating it to coarse (2-1 Opm) and fine (< 2pm) components. The accuracy of the sampler was tested by evaluating its characteristics in relation to criteria for accurate sampling established by Davies and Agarwal & Liu. The performance of the sampler was in agreement with these criteria. As a result of the small sample loading of the SFU, Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence capable of analyzing nanogram amount of elements in a sample was used for analysis. The analysis was preceded by such initial steps as emphasizing grazing incidence angle through proper adjustment of the principal components of the TXRF, energy and sensitivity calibration of the TXRF spectrometer, simple extraction of PM10 particulate matter greatly aided by the surface deposition property of membrane filters and internal standardization. Thus up to 12 elements were measured simultaneously in the PM10 samples collected from various quarry activities. The multi-element multi-sample data showed that PM10 emission from the quarry industry is dominated by coarse fractions and application of wetting agents greatly reduced PM10 emission. The health impact of PM10 particulate matter on workers at the quarry industry was also assessed by calculating the regional deposition of the measured constituent elements in the human respiratory tract using EPA models. The results obtained suggests deposition fraction ranging from 0.37 to 0.68 for elements Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca, K, Si, Al. Furthermore, the level of air pollution in the neigbouring environment of the quarry industry was investigated by calculating the source strengths of the various mechanized crushing plants using the multi-sample data along with meteorological factors as input in the Gaussian plume dispersion model. The various source i strengths calculated were used in conjunction with the dose response values from the literature to determine the mortality and morbidity estimates for PM10 particulate matter using the uniform world model and hence determine the health impact of quarry industry on the environmenten_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/812
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectQUANTITATIVE,en_US
dc.subjectASSESSMENT,en_US
dc.subjectINHALABLE,en_US
dc.subjectPARTICULATE,en_US
dc.subjectPOLLUTION,en_US
dc.subjectRESULTING,en_US
dc.subjectQUARRY ACTIVITIESen_US
dc.titleQUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF INHALABLE PARTICULATE MATTER POLLUTION RESULTING FROM QUARRY ACTIVITIESen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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