POSSIBLE USES OF BAGASSE ASH AS AN ALTERNATIVE CEMENT
POSSIBLE USES OF BAGASSE ASH AS AN ALTERNATIVE CEMENT
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Date
1998-10
Authors
DANIEL, OGBONYOMI TADE
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Abstract
This study is an i n v e s t i g a t i o n i n t o the p o s s i b l e use of
bagasse ash, SCBA, as an a l t e r n a t i v e cementing m a t e r i a l . The
SCBA was used in c o n j u n c t i o n with lime ( i . e . as a pozzolana)
to produce lime-pozzolana cement, and with o r d i n a r y p o r t l a nd
cement, OPC (as a p a r t i a l replacement) to produce blended
p o z z o l a n i c cement.
Bagasse is the fibrous r e s i d u e of sugar cane a f t er
c r u s h i n g and e x t r a c t i o n of j u i c e . SCBA is the r e s u l t i n g waste
product o b t a i n e d from the combustion of b a g a s s e . The SCBA
was o b t a i n e d by burning bagasse in a furnace at a temperature
of 400°c.
p r e l i m i n a r y i n v e s t i g a t i o n was i n i t i a t e d to a s c e r t a i n the
composition and p r o p e r t i e s of the SCBA. A desk, top chemical
i n v e s t i g a t i o n c a r r i e d out on the SCBA, revealed the presence of
s i l i c a (SiO2 ) in a l a r g e amount (about 58.65%). The combined
r a t i o of s i l i c a , alumina and f e r r o u s oxide was determined as
70.86%, i n d i c a t i v e of a good pozzolana. The r e a c t i v i t y of the
SCBA was measured through i t s pozzolanic a c t i v i t y index (PAI).
The PAI with cement and with lime were found to be 91% and 4.88Mpa
r e s p e c t i v e l y , and these t o g e t h e r suggest a r e a c t i ve
pozzolana.
T r i a l compressive s t r e n g t h t e s t s were c a r r i e d out on v a r i o us
mixes of the 5CBA with lime and OPC to produce masonry u n i ts
of c o n s t a n t cement - sand r a t i o of 113. The r e s u l t s of the
i n i t i a l t e s t s , revealed the b e s t performances of lime - SCBA
as 25 175, and OPC-SCBA as 75:25 m i x t u r e s . These r e s u l t s were
f u r t h e r s u b s t a n t i a t e d with compressive s t r e n g t h t e s t s c a r r i ed
vi
out on a population of 86 test specimens.
The lime - SCBA (25:75) mixture was found to have a
strength property of 6.27MPa and 7.48MPa at ages of 7 and 28
days respectively. These values clearly meets the requirements
of ASTM for non-load bearing masonry u n i t s . For the OPC-SCBA
mixes, an optimum evaluation of strength v i s - a - v i s replacement
of OPC made, showed that a maximum of 25% replacement can be made
without adverse loss in compressive strength value. The
compressive strength value was measured as 20.3MPa at 28 days
which is 85.98% of result obtained with control test specimens.
Generally, increases in the substitution of OPC with SCBA gave
progressively lower compressive strength values, in all a
t o t a l of 171 test specimens were prepared and tested.
A cost evaluation of the prepared units revealed that
pozzolanic cements are cheaper than pure OPC. A savings of
13.25% and 15.74% were recorded for the 75:25 (OPC + SCBA)
and 25:75 (LIME + SCBA) cement mixtures respectively.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE
SCHOOL, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA,
IN "PARTIAL" FULFILLMENT OF THE AWARD OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING.
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY
ZARIA.
OCTOBER, 1998
Keywords
POSSIBLE,, BAGASSE,, ASH,, ALTERNATIVE,, CEMENT.