SOIL POLLUTION ASSESSMENT USING MASS SPECIFIC MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY MEASUREMENTS: A CASE STUDY OF KANO RIVER IRRIGATION PROJECT (KRIP) FARMLAND
SOIL POLLUTION ASSESSMENT USING MASS SPECIFIC MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY MEASUREMENTS: A CASE STUDY OF KANO RIVER IRRIGATION PROJECT (KRIP) FARMLAND
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Date
2021
Authors
ZIRA ABRAHAM, MUSA
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Abstract
An assessment of soil pollution of Kano River Irrigation Project was carried out by measuring the mass specific magnetic susceptibility (MSMS) and geochemical method of the soil to characterize the magnetic and geochemical properties of the study area. The study investigated the potential pollution on the irrigation farmland due to anthropogenic activities. Two hundred and fifty (250) samples of soils were collected from the study area for measurements of MSMS. The results of the measurements of the MSMS of the soils showed that at low frequency (0.47 kHz), the values ranged from 1.8 – 104.5 x 10-8m3kg-1while at high frequency (4.7 kHz), the values ranged from 1.8 – 103.4 x10-8m3kg-1. The soil samples from irrigation sectors revealed that 20% were coarser grains which are multi-domain grains (MD), 62% were mixture of coarse grains (MD) and super paramagnetic grains (SP) 10% were SP grains coarse grains and 8% were due to contamination. The soil samples from upland sectors revealed that no coarse grains (MD) were present, 41% were mixture of coarse grains (MD) and super paramagnetic grains (SP) 44% are SP grains coarse grains and 15% were due to contamination. Likewise, the soil samples from uncultivated sectors revealed that 11% were coarse grains (MD), 69% were mixture of coarse grains (MD) and super paramagnetic grains (SP) 11% were SP grains coarse grains and 9% are due to contamination. The values of the frequency dependent mass specific magnetic susceptibility ( ) were found to range from 0 – 71.15%. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals of Fe, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni for irrigation sectors 40.774, BDL, 0.005, 0.021, 0.165, 0.010, BDL and for upland sectors 45.233, 0.375, 0.37, 0.223, 0.336, 0.250, BDL mgkg-1 respectively. The concentrations of the heavy metals in irrigation and upland soils were low. This indicates that the concentrations of heavy metals in the irrigation sectors soil exist in the following order: Fe > Zn > Cu> Cr > Cd, while Pb and Ni were not detected. The concentrations of the heavy metals in upland sectors exist in this order as well: Fe > Ni > Pb> Cd > Zn > Cr >Cu. The results of the study showed that the study area is not polluted but has a tendency to be polluted with time if measures are not taken since the anthropogenic materials in the study area are 20%.
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A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPY DEREE IN APPLIED GEOPYSICS
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS,
FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA NIGERIA