THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MEASLES IN BAUCHI STATE NIGERIA

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dc.contributor.authorBUKBUK, DAVID HADEBA
dc.date.accessioned2014-02-17T08:58:06Z
dc.date.available2014-02-17T08:58:06Z
dc.date.issued1986-09
dc.descriptionA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIAen_US
dc.description.abstractMeasles in Nigeria and most developing- countries is endemic and major canse of childhood morbidity and mortality, where malnutrition is high compled with inadequate vaccination activities, The disease is known to bring a treumetic experience to children the world over. It is with this background together with the daily pathetic situations in most clinice in Bauchi State, Nigeria, of Mothers bringing in their children and some drying from clinical cases of measles and its complications that prompted this study. The study is therefore, and attempt to analyse the impact of the massvascination activities before and after the lunching of the expanded programme on Immunisation in 1979 and the current revised E.P.I. Programme Launched in 1985 in the State, on the overran incidence of Measles and deaths due to measles. It also became pertinet to access the Immunity status, perticipations in the Immunisation Programme, and response (Seroconversion) to Measles Vaccines used during the two compaigne. Monthly Measles cases, deaths and also vaccination data retrieved from medical records between 1977 and 1984 were analysesd. A total of 32,395 measles cases and 1966 deaths due to measles were notified, with 675,169 doses-of the vaccines adminis tered during the same period, A considerable decline in the overall incidences of Measles Cases during the precampaign period from 6,960,661 cases increased steadily to over 10,000 cases in 1983, even after the launching of the mass Vaccination compaign. The age distribution of those cases revealed the 1-4 year age group being mostly afflicted, followed by the 5-14 year olds. The cases were less in the under 1 year and over 15 year old age groups. The transmission of Measles was continous throughout the period of observation, 1977 - 1984. With cases reported monthly. There were two patterns of epidemic transmissions, One major and other minor, with incidences peaking up from February to May annually, and between August to November respectively. Urban centres contributed 76% of the total cases of Measles in the area, which could be seen as foci of transmission to the rural areas, with the movements of young children and Mothers during the agricultural cycles and theopening/closing of schools and the low relative humidity in the dry seasons which enhances the spread of the measles Virus being speculated, as of determinants of the seasonality of Measles in the area. A Serological study carried out on 439 randomly collected serumsamples in the state indicated that 54% had Measles HAI titer greater than 1:8, which indicates protective Immunity. There was no significant difference in the prevalence rates of Measles antibody between Males/females, however, antibody levels in Females were marginally higher than in Males. Amongst residents of urban-rural Centres a significant diffeehce (p<o.Ol) in Measles immunity status was observed. There was also a significant difference, (P<0.Ol) in the prevalence rate of Measles antibody between the pre-school and the school aged children in the area, with more children in the later showing evidence of immunity to Mealses. The prevalence rate of antibody in the lower social class is higher (62%) as against 38% in the higher social class and is highly significant (P<O.0l). However, more of the preschool and school aged children in the hgiher social group showed a higher antibody prevalence rate relative to some in the lower social group. The national Measles Vaccination Programme has not lowed ' the number of individuals sussceptible to the disease due to low vaccination coverage. Hence the EPI campaign launched in 1979, showed little impact on Measles Cases, its epidemiology, deaths due to the diseass and the overall immunity state of the people, therefore, for the present revised FPI mass compaign to be successful, it should take into account the sessonality of the Measles epidemics as it relates to the epidemiology and human behavioral patterns in changing the incidence of measles in the community, A continous serological surveillance to monitor the immunity status of the people and Seroconversion to the Measles vaccines is necessary.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1629
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectEPIDEMIOLOGY,en_US
dc.subjectMEASLES,en_US
dc.subjectBAUCHI STATE,en_US
dc.subjectNIGERIA,en_US
dc.titleTHE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MEASLES IN BAUCHI STATE NIGERIAen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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