MOSQUITO SPECIES AND THEIR BREEDING HABITATS IN KADUNA METROPOLIS, KADUNA STATE.

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2008-12
Authors
YAYOCK, HOSEA
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Abstract
An update of the mosquito fauna of 15 settlement areas in Kaduna metropolis within the Northern Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria was made from November 2004 - November 2005. Larval samples were obtained and 15 species of mosquitoes identified comprising of the following; Aedes aegypti L, 138 (1.97%), Ae. vittatus Bigot,103 (1.47%), Ae. simpsoni Theobald, 12 (0.17%), Anopheles species, 4 (0.06%); Culex pipiens molestus Forskal, 3307 (47.30%), Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus Say, 1836 (26.26%), Cx. pipiens pipiens, 456(6.52%), Cx. decens Theobald, 868 (12.42%), Cx. tigripes Grandpre,31 (0.44%), Cx. univittatus Theobald, 34 (0.49%), Cx. horridus Edwards, 115 (1.64%), Cx. musarum Edwards, 40 (0.57%), Cx. nebulosus Theobald, 4(0.06%), Cx. macfei Edwards,41(0.59%), Cx. duttoni, 2 (0.03%). The most abundant species encountered in all the 15 settlements sampled were Culex. p. molestus and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus. Mosquito species bred in eight different sites identified as major breeding habitats in Kaduna metropolis; the proportion of total catch from these habitats is indicated: Concrete gutters (38.23%), Stagnant pool/pond (29.92%), Peridomestic runoffs (PDRF) (22.3.4%), Clay pot (0.86%), Metal containers (0.59%), Abandoned tyres (2.73%), Plastic containers (1.22%) and Roadside potholes (3.61%). Significant difference in breeding populations was noticed among habitats (P=0.024). Concrete gutters, Stagnant pool/ponds and PDRF were encountered in all settlement areas. There was no significant difference in the total mosquito species sampled among the 15 settlements (P=0.436). The old settlement areas had more mosquito species;(13) in comparism to 11 species in the new settlement areas. Diversity in the mosquito species breeding observed during the wet months was significantly higher than those of the dry months (P=0.004); with the highest species diversity of 11 species in August. There was a preponderance of Culex breeding habitats for Culicine mosquitoes, particularly Culex. p. molestus and Cx. p. quinquefasciatuspipiens complex (Cx. p molestus and Cx. p quinquefasciatus) over other mosquito species and this suggests that environmental degradation by human activities associated with rapid urbanization, has provided numerous insanitary
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A thesis submitted to the Postgraduate school, Ahmadu Bello University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a Master of Science degree in Zoology, to the Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. DECEMBER, 2008.
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