EFFECT OF MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) SEED KERNEL MEAL WITH AND WITHOUT ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE GROWTH AND LAYING PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAILS
EFFECT OF MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) SEED KERNEL MEAL WITH AND WITHOUT ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE GROWTH AND LAYING PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE QUAILS
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Date
2017-10
Authors
MUSA, Hussaini Ahmad
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Abstract
Two sets of experiments were carried out to determine the effects of the inclusion of
mango seed kernel meal (MSKM)kanbiri, processed by soaking for 72:00 hours with an
eight hourly change of water to reduce the anti-nutrients factors on the growth and laying
performances of Japanese quails with and without enzymes.Results of the laboratory
analysis obtained after processing revealed values of 90.06 %, 4.78 %, 5.58 %, 1.96 %,
5.39 % and 68.40 % in the dry matter,crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, ash and
nitrogen free extract respectively and the following for the anti-nutrient factor contents;
phytate, cyanide, tannins and saponins values of 0.16mg/100g, 0.02mg/100g,
0.04mg/100g and 0.06mg/100g respectively.In the first field experiment, 450 unsexed
quails at one week old were placed in ten experimental set up of 3 x 3 factorial
arrangement with three replicates of fifteen birds each with one control in a completely
randomized design. Ten experimental growth diets of three levels of SMSKM inclusions
at (10.00 %, 20.00 % and 30.00 %) and three enzyme types of (no enzyme, Maxigrain
enzyme and Vegpro enzyme) with one control (no SMSKM, no enzyme) were offered to
the birds throughout the growth phase. Results indicate significant (P < 0.05) differences
for the final body weight, total feed intake and feed to gain ratio. The control had the
highest final body weight of 178.40 g and best feed to gain ratio of 4.64, indicating
preference for birds for the intake of non-conventional feed materials, due to the efficient
feed to gain ratio. With the enzyme inclusion, significant (P < 0.05) differences were
noticed in the final body weight, feed to gain ratio and total feed intake. Treatment with
both enzyme had a significantly(P < 0.05) similar least feed intakes of 495.88 g and the
worst feed to gain ratio average of 5.77compared to the control.Carcass analysis reveals
significant (P < 0.05) differences with and without enzymes in the average live weight,
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carcass weight and dressing percent. The 20.00 % level having the highest average live
weight gain of 147.17 g, carcass weight of 88.52 g and dressing percent of 61.04 %,
indicating efficiency of the MSKM at this level of 20.00 %; vegpro enzyme recorded the
highest values for the carcass (92.32 g), dressing percent (62.90 %) against the maxigrain
enzyme. The 30.00 % inclusion levels had the highest digestibility values of 67.98 % dry
matter, 78.63 % ether extract and 64.36 % ash retension.Treatment with maxigrain
enzyme had the highest values of 68.40 % dry matter, 72.27 % crude protein, 77.63 %
ether extract, 67.19 % ash and, confirming earlier reports on the efficiency of exogenous
enzymes in unconventional feed uses in monogastric animals. The 20.00 % had the least
feed cost at market weight of N102.23k after the control.In experiment two, similar
experimental design, factorial arrangement with three replicates x ten birds were set up,
the feeding and water intake regime were maintained. Results indicate 20.00 % SMSKM
in all having the overall best performance; mainly in total feed intake (1921.49 g), final
body weight (202.22 g), but a feed togain ratio of 1.02 was noticed by birds in the control
treatment.Enzyme vegpro had the best performance in the total feed intake (1877.01 g),
average age of bird at first lay (43.11 days) and hen day egg production (77.95 %),the
overall egg external quality performance of 10.00 %, 20.00 % and 30.00 % were all
significantly similar. It could be concluded that, the processing method used in this study
reduces the tannin and phytate contents far below the toxic levels for poultries, which it
tolerates up to 30.00 % without any adverse effects on the growth performance at the
growth phase, with and without enzyme supplementation.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc.) DEGREE IN ANIMAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
EFFECT,, MANGO, (Mangifera indica L., SEED KERNEL,, ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION,, GROWTH,, LAYING PERFORMANCE,, JAPANESE QUAILS,