HYDROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SHEET 102, ZARIA NW, NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorAPONBIEDE, DEBORAH FOLAKE
dc.date.accessioned2017-04-06T08:28:40Z
dc.date.available2017-04-06T08:28:40Z
dc.date.issued2015-03
dc.descriptionA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN GEOLOGY (HYDROGEOLOGY) DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIAen_US
dc.description.abstractHydrogeological investigations of Sheet 102, Zaria NW, North Central, Nigeria have been carried out. This was done to determine the potability of groundwater in the area. The study area is located between latitudes 11o15ˈ00ˈˈN to 11o30ˈ00ˈˈN and longitudes 7o30ˈ00ˈE to 7o45ˈ00ˈand cover an approximate area of about 748km2. The area is underlain by the basement crystalline rocks which comprise migmatite, schist, granitic gneiss, porphyritic biotite granite and coarse grained biotite granite. Two major aquifer units are present in the area and these are overburden aquifer and weathered/fractured aquifer. Water levels were measured from eighty-four hand-dug wells during the end of wet season and the peak of dry season using a modified surveyor‟s tape. Thirty groundwater samples were collected in wells in the area, using polyethylene bottles and fifteen elements were analyzed from these samples. Evaluation of hydrogeological maps has shown that the watertable in the area is similar in the shape in both seasons and resembles that of ground surface contour except where interrupted by the outcrops of the basement rocks. This shows that watertable is controlled by relief. The general direction of groundwater flow is towards the streams and their tributaries and is identical in both seasons. Watertable fluctuation varies from 2 to 10.5 m below the ground surface with an average of 6.25 m. Result of chemical analysis of the thirty groundwater samples shows that groundwater from the study area is fresh and soft. It equally has a low total dissolved solids (TDS) and low conductivity value which ranges from 5.4 to 491μS/cm. The groundwater is slightly acidic (pH varies from 5.3 to 6.4 with average value being 5.8). In addition, concentration of some of the parameters analyzed like Fe2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and Ca2+ are above permissible limits of World Health Organization (WHO) standards while the concentrations of other parameters are having within the recommended levels of WHO. The abundance of the major ions can be depicted as follows: Na+ >K+ >Ca2+ >Mg2+ and HCO3- >Cl- >SO42-. The Piper trilinear diagram shows that Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+ and K+ are the dominant cations, whereas HCO3,- SO42- and Cl are the dominant anion in all the waters. These aforementioned cations and anion have influenced the water chemistry of the area. This four water types were identified namely Ca + Mg, Na + K – HCO3, Ca + Mg, Na + K – SO4 and Na + K – SO4 –Cl (dominants) and Na + K – HCO3 (minor) waters. Chemical data of representative samples from the study area were plotted them on Durov diagram. The samples were concentrated on MgHCO3 type. Chemical assessment indicates that groundwater from the study area is suitable for domestic purposes. The electrical conductivity value of the groundwater samples indicates low-medium salinity and low sodium hazard, pointing to good usability of the groundwater for irrigation and industrial purposes. The correlation coefficients of the chemical facies using statistical package of Aquachem V.O 4.0 soft ware explain the relationship that occurs between chemical facies. Some of the variables have strong positive correlation with each other are Na+ -Cl˗, Na+ - NO3-, Fe-Pb, Pb-NO3-, Cl--NO3 ̄, Cl--SO42- and NO3- -SO42-, Na+- SO42-, Ca2+- Zn2+ e.t.c. The relationships might be as a result of poor sanitation conditions and derivation of the ions from common sources (rain filtration).en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/8867
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectHYDROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS,en_US
dc.subjectSHEET 102,en_US
dc.subjectZARIA NW,en_US
dc.subjectNORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA,en_US
dc.titleHYDROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SHEET 102, ZARIA NW, NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIAen_US
dc.typeTechnical Reporten_US
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
HYDROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SHEET 102, ZARIA NW, NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA.pdf
Size:
6.19 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.62 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description:
Download
Collections
SCIENCE