PREVALENCE OF GENITOURINARY CANDIDIASIS AMONG PATIENTS WITH OR WITHOUT MEDICAL IMPLANTS ATTENDING GYNAECOLOGY CLINICS IN ZARIA, NIGERIA
PREVALENCE OF GENITOURINARY CANDIDIASIS AMONG PATIENTS WITH OR WITHOUT MEDICAL IMPLANTS ATTENDING GYNAECOLOGY CLINICS IN ZARIA, NIGERIA
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Date
2014-12
Authors
OLANREWAJU, JIMOH
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Abstract
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of genitourinary candidiasis among patients with or without medical implants attending four Gynaecology Clinics in Zaria, Nigeria. A total of 400 High Vaginal Swabs (HVS) and urine samples were collected from patients who presented to the four selected hospitals in Zaria, Nigeria with features suggestive of genitourinary candidiasis. The specimens were analyzed using direct microscopy, culture on sabouraud dextrose agar, CHROMAgar (Oxoid) and carbohydrate utilization test .Antifungal sensitivity testing was performed using discs diffusion methods. Out of the four hundred (400) samples examined, one hundred and sixty three (163) Candida isolates were obtained giving 40.8% prevalence. Out of the one hundred and sixty three (163) isolates, one hundred and forty three (143) were obtained from high vaginal swabs while the remaining twenty (20) isolates were from urine specimens. A total of fifty three (53) patients were with medical implants while three hundred and forty seven (347) patients were without medical implants. Prevalence rate of 37.7% was observed among patients with medical implants while 41.2% was observed among patients without medical implants. Overall, no significant association was found between patients on medical implants and those not on medical implants (χ2 = 0.23, df=1, p=0.63). Chi square analysis was used to determine association of the infection with clinical and demographic factors. A significant association was found in patients with co-morbid condition (χ2=14.757, df=3, p=0.002). There was also an association between pattern of vaginal discharge and the species isolated (χ2=8.198, df=3, p=0.042). There was no statistical association between age, occupation, marital status, antibiotic usage and development of genitourinary candidiasis. Candida albicans was observed to be the most prevalent (19.75%) species among the four species isolated but overall the non-albicans (C.parapsilosis 12.75%, C.tropicalis 4.5% and C. glabrata 3.75%) were on the increase. The four species were all susceptible to the commonly used azoles (miconazole, fluconazole and clotrimazole) which are a good sign that there is no problem of resistance yet in the populace.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MICROBIOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
PREVALENCE,, GENITOURINARY CANDIDIASIS,, PATIENTS,, MEDICAL IMPLANTS ATTENDING GYNAECOLOGY CLINICS,, ZARIA,, NIGERIA