EVALUATION OF URINARY AND INTESTINAL SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN GIWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
EVALUATION OF URINARY AND INTESTINAL SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN GIWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2017-04
Authors
YAYA, Aisha Abdulkadir
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Abstract
The study evaluated the prevalence of urinary and intestinal Schistosomiasis among Primary School Pupils in Giwa Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria in relation with associated risk factors. Three hundred and eight consenting pupils from 10 primary schools between ages 5 and 14years were screened for the study. Urine and stool samples of each pupil was collected and examined for Schistosoma haematobium responsible for urogenital schistosomiasis and Schistosoma mansoni responsible for intestinal schistosomiasis. The urine samples were examined both macroscopically and microscopically using standard Sedimentation methods while the stool samples were examined using Kato-Katz and formol-ether concentration technique. A well-structured pre-tested questionnaire was administered on 308 pupils to obtain socio-demographic data such as age, sex, educational status of parents and risk factors.The overall prevalence for both forms of schistosomiasis in the study area was 7.5%. The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was 5.5% while intestinal schistosomiasis was 0.7% and 1.3% using kato-katz and formol-ether methods respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) for all forms of schistosomiasis and the primary schools. There was also no statistically significant relationship (p>0.05) between the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis and the different schools. However, there was significant difference (p<0.05) between the prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis and the different schools by Kato-Katz method. There was no significant difference between the infections and age. However gender significantly influenced S. haematobium infection but there was no significant association between gender and S. mansoni infection by both the Kato-katz and formol-ether Method. Odds ratio showed association between the infection and pipe borne water (OR=1.1), borehole (OR=3.3), river/stream (OR=5.3), defecating in the bush (OR=8.8), having ponds around houses (OR=3.5), fishing (OR=8.0), do wash clothes (OR=7.8), swimming (OR=8.2) and playing (OR=9.4). There was no significant difference between formol-ether concentration method and Kato-Katz technique used in detecting Schistosoma mansoni. The study therefore concluded that the overall prevalence for both forms of schistosomiasis in the study area was 7.5% having 5.5% urinary schistosomiasis and 0.7%, 1.3% intestinal schistosomiasis by Kato-Katz and Formol-ether concentration methods respectively. It was therefore recommended that the teaching of Health Science as a subject in in primary schools should be intensified and the pupils should be taught more on personal hygiene, preventive measures and control of certain parasites.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA.
Keywords
EVALUATION,, URINARY,, INTESTINAL SCHISTOSOMIASIS,, PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS,, GIWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA,, KADUNA STATE,, NIGERIA