ANTIDIARRHOAEL EFFECT OF METHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT OF HYMENOCARDIA ACIDA (EUPHOBIACEAE) IN LABORATORY ANIMALS
ANTIDIARRHOAEL EFFECT OF METHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT OF HYMENOCARDIA ACIDA (EUPHOBIACEAE) IN LABORATORY ANIMALS
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Date
2018-07
Authors
ABBA, MUS’AB USMAN
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Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of the methanol
stem bark extract of Hymenocardia acida in some laboratory animals. They methanol
stem bark extract of Hymenocardia acida (MEHA) was prepared from the freshly collected
stem bark of the plant. The stem bark was collected from Galadimawa village, Giwa local
government area of Kaduna State. The plant material was identified and authenticated by a
botanist in the herbarium section of the Department of Botany Faculty of Life Sciences
Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria and a voucher specimen (1275) was deposited for
future reference. The plant material was washed, shade dried, pulverized and sieved to
obtained fine powder. The powdered plant material was extracted with 70% v/v methanol
by cold maceration for three days with occasional shaking and agitation. The mixture was
then filtered using whattman No 1 filter paper and the filtrate was later concentrated over a
water bath at temperature of 40 to 450C to obtained dried extract. The dried extract was
kept in a bottle until needed for used. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried
out using thin layer chromatography analysis (TLC). Acute toxicity study was carried out
using the method described in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD) guidelines 423. Invivo antidiarrheal screening of the extract at the doses of 600,
300 and 150 mg/kg body weight was conducted using castor oil induced diarrhea model,
castor oil induced enteropooling and gastric transit in mice model. In vitro study was
carried out on isolated rabbit jejunum and guinea pig ileum using ugo basile
microdynamometer, at extract concentration of (8 x 10-2 to 640 x 10-2 mg/ml) and
thereafter interacted with spasmogens; acetylcholine and histamine at concentration of (2 x
10-5 to 16 x 10-5). Alkaloids, glycoside, saponin, tanins, triterpenes, flavonoids, and steroids were detected from the extract. The result of the acute toxicity study revealed the
LD50 value to be in excess of 2000 mg/kg. The methanol stem bark extract of
Hymenocardia acida at all doses investigated significantly (p≤ 0.05) and dose dependently
delayed the onset of diarrhea in all the investigated groups in castor oil induced diarrhea
model compared to the control group. The extract at the doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg also
reduced the frequency of diarrheal feces compared to the negative control group.
Significant reduction (p≤0.05) in the propulsive movement and transit of charcoal meal
was observed at 600 mg/kg dose of the extract in gastric transit time in mice model. All
extract treated groups produced significant reduction (p≤0.05) in the volume of fluid
accumulation compared to the deionized water treated group in fluid accumulation test.
The methanol stem bark extract (8 x 10-2 to 640 x 10-2 mg/ml) produced significant
reduction in the tone and rate of spontaneous contraction of rabbit jejunum and relaxes
guinea pig ileum. The extract upon interaction with the spasmogens; acetylcholine and
histamine (2 x 10-5 to 16 x 10-5) inhibited contraction induced by both Acetylcholine and
histamine in a concentration dependent manner. The result of this study suggests that the
methanol stem bark extract of Hymenocardia acidapossess antidiarrheal activity that
justified its ethnomedical use in the treatment of diarrhea by herbal practitioners
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE
STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD
OF
MASTERS DEGREE IN PHARMACOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS,
FACULTY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
ANTIDIARRHOAEL EFFECT,, METHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT,, HYMENOCARDIA ACIDA,, LABORATORY ANIMALS