COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CASSAVA FOLIAGE AND GROUNDNUT HAULMS AS PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS FOR SHEEP
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CASSAVA FOLIAGE AND GROUNDNUT HAULMS AS PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS FOR SHEEP
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Date
1995
Authors
ALLI-BALOGUN, KAYODE J .
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Abstract
Three? trials were conducted to evaluate the potential of
cassava (Manihot esculenta) foliage (leaves and petioles) as
a protein supplement for ruminants. In the first trial
duplicated nylon-bags containing weighed samples of sundried
cassava foliage were incubated in the rumen of two rumen
fistulated ewes for 0, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours to
determine degradabi1ity. Proximate analysis of cassava foliage
was conducted before and after the incubation. Rumen ammonia
concentration (RAG) and pH were determined at 0, 4 and 8 hours
after feeding a 307. cassava foliage diet.
Proximate composition of sundried cassava foliage was
found to be (%) Dry Matter, 91.25; Crude Protein, 18.55;
Neutral Detergent Fiber, 31.41; Acid Detergent Fiber, 29.2;
Ether Extract 6.6 and ash 12.95. Nylon-bag dry matter
disappearance (DMD 7.) in the rumen from 0 - 96 hrs increased
from 15.76 to 75.5. The DMD % in the rumen significantly (P <
0.05) increased from 0 to 48 hours but. further increases
became non-significant between 48 - 96 hours.. RAC increased
significantly <P<0.05) from 8.20 mg NH»/100 ml at zero hour to
17.52 mg NH3 /100 ml at 4 hours post feeding and decreased to
11.41 mg NH3/lOO ml at 8 hours. Rumen fluid pH was not
significantly (P > 0.05) changed by the 30% cassava foliage
diet.
In the second trial lasting 56 days, twenty eight
Yankasa/West African dwarf yearling rams with an initial
weight of 18 kg were randomly allocated to seven treatments
and were balanced for weight- Each treatment consisted of four
rams and were all stall-fed Gamba hay (Adropoqon gayanus) as
a basal diet supplemented with cassava foliage or groundnut
haulms or a combination of both at 1.0% or 1.5% of body weight
(BW). Rams in the control group were fed only Gamba hay and no
supplement.
Feeding Gamba hay alone (control) resulted in weight loss
(-30.5g/d) but with cassava foliage or groundnut haulms
supplementation at 1.0%- BW, significantly better (P < 0.05)
weight gains of 39.2 and 44.6 g/day were achieved. At 1.5% BW
level of supplementation, with cassava foliage or groundnut
haulms, higher weight gains of 45.2 and 51.7 g/day were
achieved respectively. Feeding the combined supplements of
cassava foliage and groundnut haulms at 1-0% and 1.5% BW
levels of supplementation resulted in daily live-weight gains
of 65.1 and 69.3 g/day-
The third trial consisted of a four week grazing trial
followed by a metabolic study. Twenty-one Yankasa/West Africa
Dwarf yearling rams were randomly allocated to seven
treatments and were balanced for 1ive-weight. All rams were
allowed to graze standing digitaria hay as a basal diet. With
exception of rams in the control group, all the rams diet were
supplemented with cassava foliage or groundnut haulms or a
combination of both at 0.5% and 1.0% BW. The metabolic study
consisted of a 7 day adjustment period and a 7 day total
collection period.
Rams in the control group, the group fed groundnut haulms
at 0.5 BW and the groups fed cassava foliage at 0.5% and 1.0%
BW had similar live-weight gains, and these were significantly
(P < 0.05) lower than the weight gains of other groups. But
rams in the group fed a combination of cassava foliage and
groundnut haulms at 1.0% had significantly (P<0.03) higher
live-weight gains compared to other groups. Feed intake was
not significantly (P>0.03) changed by feeding either
supplement. Supplementing digitaria hay with cassava foliage
at both 0.5% and 1.0% BW did not significantly increase the
nitrogen retention values, but groundnut haulms supplemented
at 1.0% BW and the combined supplements at 0.5% and 1.0% BW
significantly (P<0.0S) increased the nitrogen retention
values.
Description
A T h e s is
S u b m i t e d t o t h e P o s t g r a d u a t e S c h o o l Ahmadu B e l lo
U n i v e r s i t y , Z a r i a in p a r t i a l f u l f i l m e n t of
r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r t h e award of M a s t e r of S c i e n ce
D e g r e e .
D e p a r t m e n t of Animal S c i e n ce
F a c u l t y of A g r i c u l t u re
Ahmadu B e l l o U n i v e r s i ty
Z a r i a . 1995
Keywords
COMPARATIVE,, EVALUATION,, CASSAVA FOLIAGE,, GROUNDNUT,, HAULMS,, PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS,, SHEEP.